Đánh giá trầm tích ô nhiễm trong bối cảnh nhiều tác nhân gây stress

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Tập 29 Số 12 - Trang 2625-2643 - 2010
G.A. Burton1, Emma L. Johnston2
1Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, USA.
2Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 2052, New South Wales, Australia

Tóm tắt

Trầm tích đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong chức năng của các hệ sinh thái nhưng cũng có thể trở thành những tác nhân gây stress vật lý hoặc hóa học. Các hoạt động nhân tạo có thể làm thay đổi thành phần hóa học của trầm tích và tốc độ, tần suất, cũng như quy mô của quá trình vận chuyển, lắng đọng và tái lơ lửng trầm tích. Tầm quan trọng của trầm tích như những tác nhân gây stress sẽ phụ thuộc vào các thuộc tính của hệ sinh thái tại chỗ cũng như mức độ và tần suất của các tác nhân gây stress đồng hành. Các chất ô nhiễm thường có hậu quả sinh thái lớn hơn trong các môi trường lắng đọng đã bị con người tác động, nơi mà các tác nhân gây stress nhân tạo khác thường xảy ra đồng thời. Các đánh giá rủi ro và chiến lược phục hồi nên xem xét một cách tốt hơn vai trò của ô nhiễm hóa học trong bối cảnh của nhiều tác nhân gây stress khác nhau. Đã có nhiều tiến bộ trong việc mô tả theo thời gian và không gian sự tiếp xúc với các tác nhân gây stress và định lượng các phản ứng sinh học. Các trầm tích ô nhiễm gây ra suy giảm sinh học thường có tính phân bố không đồng đều, trong khi các tác nhân gây stress nhân tạo phổ biến hơn, chẳng hạn như những thay đổi về môi trường sống và dòng chảy, sự xáo trộn vật lý, và việc bổ sung chất dinh dưỡng, có thể dẫn đến các phản ứng quy mô lớn trong hệ sinh thái. Một sự đánh giá có hệ thống về các thuộc tính của hệ sinh thái liên quan và các điều kiện tham chiếu có thể hỗ trợ trong việc hiểu rõ tầm quan trọng của trầm tích trong bối cảnh của các tác nhân gây stress khác. Các thao tác thực nghiệm sau đó cho phép nghiên cứu có kiểm soát về các tác nhân gây stress chi phối và thiết lập các liên kết nguyên nhân. Cách tiếp cận này sẽ dẫn đến việc quản lý hiệu quả hơn các lưu vực và dòng chảy. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2625–2643. © 2010 SETAC

Từ khóa


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