Harjutsalo V, Lammi N, Karvonen M, Groop P-H. Age at onset of type 1 diabetes in parents and recurrence risk in offspring. Diabetes. 2010;59(1):210–4.
Robert AA, Al-Dawish A, Mujammami M, Dawish MAA. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a soaring epidemic. Int J Pediatr. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9408370.
Federation ID. Saudi Arabia Country report 2010—2045. 2019. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org/data/en/country/174/sa.html. Accessed 6 Jan 2020
Dennick K, Sturt J, Speight J. What is diabetes distress and how can we measure it? A narrative review and conceptual model. J Diabetes Complicat. 2017;31(5):898–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.12.018.
Al Hayek AA, Robert AA, Al Dawish MA. Evaluation of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system on glycemic control, health-related quality of life, and fear of hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2017;10:1179551417746957. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179551417746957.
Hoss U, Budiman ES. Factory-calibrated continuous glucose sensors: the science behind the technology. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(S2):S44–50.
Adolfsson P, Rentoul D, Klinkenbijl B, Parkin CG. Hypoglycaemia remains the key obstacle to optimal glycaemic control—continuous glucose monitoring is the solution. Eur Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):50–6.
Slattery D, Choudhary P. Clinical use of continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017;19(S2):S55–61.
Danesi G, Pralong M, Panese F, Burnand B, Grossen M. Techno-social reconfigurations in diabetes (self-) care. Soc Stud Sci. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312720903493.
Bilir SP, Hellmund R, Wehler B, Li H, Munakata J, Lamotte M. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a flash glucose monitoring system for patients with type 1 diabetes receiving intensive insulin treatment in Sweden. Eur Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):73–9.
Blum A. Freestyle libre glucose monitoring system. Clin Diabetes. 2018;36(2):203–4.
Hagger V, Hendrieckx C, Sturt J, Skinner TC, Speight J. Diabetes distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0694-2.
Powers MA, Richter SA, Ackard DM, Craft C. Diabetes distress among persons with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2017;43(1):105–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721716680888.
Iturralde E, Rausch JR, Weissberg-Benchell J, Hood KK. Diabetes-related emotional distress over time. Pediatrics. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3011.
Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Earles J, et al. Assessing psychosocial distress in diabetes: development of the diabetes distress scale. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(3):626–31. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.3.626.
Reutrakul S, Thakkinstian A, Anothaisintawee T, et al. Sleep characteristics in type 1 diabetes and associations with glycemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med. 2016;23:26–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2016.03.019.
Pillar G, Schuscheim G, Weiss R, et al. Interactions between hypoglycemia and sleep architecture in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr. 2003;142(2):163–8. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2003.66.
Patel NJ, Savin KL, Kahanda SN, et al. Sleep habits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: variability in sleep duration linked with glycemic control. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12689.
Bergner EM, Williams R, Hamburger ER, et al. Sleep in teens with type 1 diabetes: perspectives from adolescents and their caregivers. Diabetes Educ. 2018;44(6):541–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721718799086.
Griggs S, Redeker NS, Grey M. Sleep characteristics in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;150:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.012.
Sinisterra M, Hamburger S, Tully C, Hamburger E, Jaser S, Streisand R. Young children with type 1 diabetes: sleep, health-related quality of life, and continuous glucose monitor use. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2019.0437.
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–21313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
Telford O, Diamantidis CJ, Bosworth HB, et al. The relationship between Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index subscales and diabetes control. Chronic Illn. 2019;15(3):210–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395318759587.
Suleiman KH, Yates BC, Berger AM, Pozehl B, Meza J. Translating the pittsburgh sleep quality index into Arabic. West J Nurs Res. 2010;32(2):250–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945909348230.
Suleiman KH, Al-Hadid L, Duhni A. Psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (A-PSQI) among coronary artery disease patients in Jordan. J Nat Sci Res. 2012;2(8):15–9.
Al Hayek AA, Al Dawish MA. The potential impact of the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring system on mental well-being and treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes: a prospective study. Diabetes Ther. 2019;10(4):1239–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-019-0616-4.
Dhand NK, Khatkar MS. Statulator: An online statistical calculator. Sample Size Calculator for Comparing Two Paired Means. 2014. Accessed at: https://statulator.com/SampleSize/ss2PM.html. Accessed 18 May 2020
Darawad MW, Hammad S, Samarkandi OA, Hamdan-Mansour AM, Khalil AA. Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Diabetes Distress Scale. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2017;55(9):43–51. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20170818-12.
Dover AR, Stimson RH, Zammitt NN, Gibb FW. Flash Glucose Monitoring improves outcomes in a type 1 diabetes clinic. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017;11(2):442–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296816661560.
Tyndall V, Stimson RH, Zammitt NN, et al. Marked improvement in HbA1c following commencement of flash glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2019;62(8):1349–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4894-1.
Bolinder J, Antuna R, Geelhoed-Duijvestijn P, Kroger J, Weitgasser R. Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;388(10057):2254–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31535-5.
Al Hayek AA, Robert AA, Al Dawish MA. Effectiveness of the freestyle libre flash glucose monitoring system on diabetes distress among individuals with type 1 diabetes: a prospective study. Diabetes Ther. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00793-2.
Vesco AT, Jedraszko AM, Garza KP, Weissberg-Benchell J. Continuous glucose monitoring associated with less diabetes-specific emotional distress and lower A1c among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2018;12(4):792–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296818766381.
Hermanns N, Ehrmann D, Schipfer M, Kroger J, Haak T, Kulzer B. The impact of a structured education and treatment programme (FLASH) for people with diabetes using a flash sensor-based glucose monitoring system: results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;150:111–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.003.
Boucher SE, Gray AR, de Bock M, et al. Effect of 6 months’ flash glucose monitoring in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control: managing diabetes in a ‘flash’ randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019;19(1):50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0378-z.
Pickup JC, Ford Holloway M, Samsi K. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes: a qualitative framework analysis of patient narratives. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(4):544–50. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1855.
Reddy M, Jugnee N, El Laboudi A, Spanudakis E, Anantharaja S, Oliver N. A randomized controlled pilot study of continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring in people with Type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. Diabet Med. 2018;35(4):483–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13561.
McKnight JA, Gibb FW. Flash Glucose Monitoring is associated with improved glycaemic control but use is largely limited to more affluent people in a UK diabetes centre. Diabet Med. 2017;34(5):732. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13315.
Dunn TC, Xu Y, Hayter G, Ajjan RA. Real-world flash glucose monitoring patterns and associations between self-monitoring frequency and glycaemic measures: a European analysis of over 60 million glucose tests. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;137:37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.015.