Aspirin 75 mg để phòng ngừa tiền sản giật ở những thai kỳ có nguy cơ cao: một nghiên cứu thực tế hồi cứu tại Trung Quốc

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 28 - Trang 1-8 - 2023
Yue Xiao1,2, Qi Ling1, Mengxin Yao2, Yingjie Gu3, Yanshi Lan1, Songliang Liu1, Jieyun Yin2, Qiuping Ma1
1Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

Tóm tắt

Một số thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên đã chỉ ra rằng aspirin có thể giảm tỉ lệ xuất hiện tiền sản giật (PE) ở những phụ nữ có nguy cơ cao, nhưng dữ liệu từ các nguồn ngoài các thử nghiệm lâm sàng truyền thống điều tra tác động phòng ngừa của aspirin 75 mg đối với PE vẫn còn thiếu, đặc biệt là ở Trung Quốc đại lục. Chúng tôi nhằm sử dụng dữ liệu thực tế của Trung Quốc để ước lượng tác động phòng ngừa của aspirin liều thấp (LDA) đối với PE. Dữ liệu lâm sàng của những phụ nữ mang thai có nguy cơ cao mắc PE và đã có lần khám thai đầu tiên tại Bệnh viện Nhân dân Taicang trực thuộc Đại học Soochow từ ngày 31 tháng 11 năm 2018 đến ngày 10 tháng 5 năm 2021 đã được phân tích hồi cứu. Trong số 266 phụ nữ mang thai được đưa vào nghiên cứu, 115 cá nhân được điều trị bằng aspirin 75 mg mỗi ngày và 151 người còn lại không có điều trị được xem là nhóm LDA và nhóm đối chứng, tương ứng. Ở nhóm LDA, 64 (55,65%) trong số 115 phụ nữ mang thai đã uống aspirin trước tuần thứ 16 của thai kỳ. Ngoài ra, 12 (10,43%) và 34 (22,52%) phụ nữ phát triển PE trong nhóm LDA và nhóm đối chứng, tương ứng; việc dự phòng bằng aspirin liên quan đến nguy cơ thấp hơn mắc PE (tỷ lệ odds=0,40, khoảng tin cậy 95% = 0,20–0,82, P = 0,0098). Thêm vào đó, LDA hiệu quả hơi hơn khi được bắt đầu trước tuần thứ 16 của thai kỳ hoặc ở những người không có tăng huyết áp mãn tính, so với nhóm đối chứng. Dự phòng bằng 75 mg aspirin mỗi ngày ở những phụ nữ có nguy cơ cao đã dẫn đến tỉ lệ xuất hiện PE thấp hơn đáng kể so với nhóm đối chứng.

Từ khóa

#tiền sản giật #aspirin #phụ nữ mang thai #nguy cơ cao #nghiên cứu thực tế

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