Asian monsoon and vegetation shift: evidence from the Siwalik succession of India

Geological Magazine - Tập 159 Số 8 - Trang 1397-1414 - 2022
Harshita Bhatia1,2, Gaurav Srivastava1,2, Purushottam Adhikari3,4, Tao Su5, Torsten Utescher6,7, Khum N. Paudayal3, R.C. Mehrotra2
1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
2Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow – 226 007, India
3Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
4Department of Geology, Birendra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
5CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
6Institute for Geosciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
7Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tóm tắt

AbstractQuantitative Miocene climate and vegetation data from the Siwalik succession of western Nepal indicate that the development of the Indian summer monsoon has had an impact, though in part, on vegetation changes. The climate and vegetation of the Lower (middle Miocene) and Middle (late Miocene–Pliocene) Siwalik successions of Darjeeling, eastern Himalaya, have been quantified. Reconstructed climate data, using the Coexistence Approach, suggest a decrease in winter temperatures and precipitation during the wettest months (MPwet) from the Lower to Middle Siwalik. The floristic assemblage suggests that Lower Siwalik forests were dominated by wet evergreen taxa, whereas deciduous ones became more dominant during the Middle Siwalik. The vegetation shift in the eastern Himalayan Siwalik was most likely due to a decrease in MPwet. The quantified climate–vegetation data from the eastern and western Himalayan Siwalik indicate that changes in the Indian summer monsoon had a profound impact on vegetation development during the period of deposition. We suggest that the decrease in winter temperature and summer monsoon rainfall during the Middle Siwalik might be linked with the Northern Hemisphere glaciation/cooling or a number of other things that were also going on at the time, including the continued rise of the Himalaya, and drying across the Tibetan region, which may have affected atmospheric circulation regionally.

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Geological Magazine

Tập 159 Số 8

1397-1414

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