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Lập luận tiến hóa: Nhưng như thế nào? Sự đồng tiến hóa giữa hành vi nhóm phối hợp và lý luận
Tóm tắt
Cơ sở lý luận là mối quan tâm trung tâm của triết học, với các lý thuyết tiến hóa về các nền tảng nhận thức của cơ sở lý luận đang được thảo luận nhiều. Tuy nhiên, một yếu tố cấu thành—khả năng lập luận của chúng ta—thì ít được nghiên cứu hơn, ngoại trừ lý thuyết lập luận của Mercier và Sperber (Mercier và Sperber trong Behav Brain Sci 34(02):57–74, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10000968, 2011, trong Bí ẩn của lý do. Nhà xuất bản Đại học Harvard, Cambridge, 2017). Tôi thảo luận về lý thuyết của họ và lập luận rằng nó gặp phải một khoảng trống: Nó không thể giải thích nguồn gốc của lập luận như một chuỗi các bước nhỏ cho thấy các loài hominin với khả năng cơ bản của đặc điểm đang nói đến có thể trở thành những người sở hữu hoàn chỉnh nó. Bài báo này sau đó cung cấp một phác thảo đầu tiên về quỹ đạo tiến hóa mong muốn. Tôi lập luận rằng lý luận đồng tiến hóa với khả năng phối hợp hành vi. Sau đó, tôi xây dựng một mô hình dựa trên lý thuyết xây dựng ngách. Mô hình này đưa ra một câu chuyện với những tuyên bố sau. Thứ nhất, lập luận đã xuất hiện trong giai đoạn Oldowan như một công cụ để biện minh cho thông tin 'ngoài tầm nhìn'. Thứ hai, lập luận cho phép các loài hominin giải quyết các vấn đề hành động tập thể với các cộng sự ngoài tầm nhìn, điều này cuối cùng đã củng cố các thực hành lập luận. Những phát hiện khảo cổ học được thảo luận để chứng minh cho cả hai tuyên bố. Tôi kết thúc bằng cách phác thảo những thay đổi có được từ mô hình của tôi cho khái niệm cơ sở lý luận.
Từ khóa
#lý luận #tiến hóa #hành vi nhóm #lý thuyết lập luận #hợp tácTài liệu tham khảo
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