Are the environmental impacts, resource flows and economic benefits proportional? Analysis of key global trade routes based on the steel life cycle

Akane Tamura. 2018. Japan's steel scrap exports under pressure. Nikkei Asian Review. <https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Commodities/Japan-s-steel-scrap-exports-under-pressure> (last retrieved on 13 July 2020). Ariken, 2020, Coupling coordination analysis of urbanization and eco-environment in Yanqi Basin based on multi-source remote sensing data, Ecol. Ind., 114, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106331 Bjørn, 2019, Challenges and opportunities towards improved application of the planetary boundary for land-system change in life cycle assessment of products, Sci. Total Environ., 696, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133964 Burchart-Korol, 2011, Significance of environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method in the iron and steel industry, Metalurgija-Zagreb, 50, 205 Cao, 2020, Linking environmental regulation and economic growth through technological innovation and resource consumption: analysis of spatial interaction patterns of urban agglomerations, Ecol. Ind., 112, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.106062 Carre, 2015 Chen, 2015, Life cycle assessment of the comprehensive utilisation of vanadium titano-magnetite, J. Cleaner Prod., 101, 122, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.076 Farjana, 2019, A review on the impact of mining and mineral processing industries through life cycle assessment, J. Cleaner Prod., 231, 1200, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.264 Ferreira, 2015, A Life Cycle Assessment study of iron ore mining, J. Cleaner Prod., 108, 1081, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.140 Guan, 2011, Modeling and dynamic assessment of urban economy–resource–environment system with a coupled system dynamics–geographic information system model, Ecol. Ind., 11, 1333, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.02.007 Hedberg, 2019, Improving the life cycle impact assessment of metal ecotoxicity: Importance of chromium speciation, water chemistry, and metal release, Sustainability, 10.3390/su11061655 Jablonowski, C., Considine, D.M.M., Rao, P.G., Considine, T.J. 2001. The industrial ecology of steel. Office of Scientific & Technical Information Technical Reports. Cui, 2014, 200 Kovanda, 2012, Economy-wide material flow indicators: Overall framework, purposes and uses and comparison of material use and resource intensity of the Czech Republic, Germany and the EU-15, Ecol. Ind., 17, 88, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.04.020 Laca, 2018, Environmental assesment of intensive egg production: a Spanish case study, J. Clean. Prod., 179, 160168 Li, 2020, Assessment of city sustainability—coupling coordinated development among economy, society and environment, J. Cleaner Prod., 256, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120453 Liu, 2020, Applying emergy and decoupling analysis to assess the sustainability of China’s coal mining area, J. Cleaner Prod., 243, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118577 Liu, 2019, The influence of different factors on prices of upstream, middle and downstream products in china's whole steel industry chain based on adaptive neural fuzzy inference system, Resour. Policy, 60, 134, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.12.009 Liu, 2020, Coupling coordination and spatiotemporal dynamic evolution between social economy and water environmental quality–a case study from Nansi Lake catchment, China, Ecol. Indic., 119, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106870 Londoño, 2019, Comparing the environmental sustainability of two gold production methods using integrated Emergy and Life Cycle Assessment, Ecol. Ind., 107 Lv, 2019, Life cycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of iron pelletizing process in China, a case study, J. Cleaner Prod., 233, 1314, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.180 Ma, 2014, Mode of circular economy in China's iron and steel industry: a case study in Wu'an city, J. Cleaner Prod., 64, 505, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.10.008 Ma, 2018, Life cycle assessment and water footprint evaluation of crude steel production: a case study in China, J. Environ. Manage., 224, 10, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.027 Mamipour, 2019, An empirical analysis of the relationship between the environment, economy, and society: results of a PCA-VAR model for Iran, Ecol. Ind., 102, 760, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.03.039 Norgate, 2010, Energy and greenhouse gas impacts of mining and mineral processing operations, J. Cleaner Prod., 18, 266, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.09.020 2019 Pan, 2015, Sustainability evaluation of a steel production system in China based on emergy, J. Cleaner Prod., 112, 1498 Rosado, 2020, Energetic analysis of reheating furnaces in the combustion of Coke Oven Gas, Linz-Donawitz Gas and Blast Furnace Gas in the steel industry, Appl. Therm. Eng. Sebastian, B.M. 2017. LCI Data For Steel Products. Shen, 2019, An improved emergy evaluation of the environmental sustainability of China’s steel production from 2005 to 2015, Ecol. Ind., 103, 55, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.03.051 Shi, 2020, Coupling coordination degree measurement and spatiotemporal heterogeneity between economic development and ecological environment––empirical evidence from tropical and subtropical regions of China, J. Cleaner Prod., 244, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118739 Tian, 2020, Conflict or Coordination? Multiscale assessment of the spatio-temporal coupling relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services: the case of the Jingjinji Region, China, Ecol. Indic., 117, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106543 Vögele, 2020, Challenges for the European steel industry: analysis, possible consequences and impacts on sustainable development, Appl. Energy, 264, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114633 Wang, 2020, Integrated evaluation of the carrying capacities of mineral resource-based cities considering synergy between subsystems, Ecol. Ind., 108, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105701 Wang, 2017, Evaluation on the coupling coordination of resources and environment carrying capacity in Chinese mining economic zones, Resour. Policy, 53, 20, 10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.05.012 Woods, 2019, An effect factor approach for quantifying the entanglement impact on marine species of macroplastic debris within life cycle impact assessment, Ecol. Ind., 99, 61, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.12.018 Xing, 2019, Dynamic simulation and assessment of the coupling coordination degree of the economy–resource–environment system: Case of Wuhan City in China, J. Environ. Manage., 230, 474, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.065 Yang, 2019, Exploring the dynamic coupling relationship between agricultural economy and agro-ecological environment in semi-arid areas: a case study of Yulin, China, Sustainability, 11, 2259, 10.3390/su11082259 Zhang, 2019, Integrated assessment of resource-energy-environment nexus in China's iron and steel industry, J. Cleaner Prod., 232, 235, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.392 Zhang, 2017, Life-cycle carbon emission assessment and permit allocation methods: a multi-region case study of China’s construction sector, Ecol. Ind., 72, 910, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.09.023 Zucaro, 2014, Urban resource use and environmental performance indicators. An application of decomposition analysis, Ecol. Ind., 47, 16, 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.022 Zygomalas, I., Efthymiou, E., Baniotopoulos, C.C. 2010. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis of structural steel members for the environmental impact assessment of steel buildings.