Are patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) useful in low back pain? Experiences of physiotherapists in primary health care in Sweden

Abrams, 2006, Monitoring the change: current trends in outcome measure usage in physiotherapy, Man. Ther., 11, 46, 10.1016/j.math.2005.02.003 Al-Muqiren, 2017, Implementation and use of standardized outcome measures by physical therapists in Saudi Arabia: barriers, facilitators and perceptions, BMC Health Serv. Res., 17, 748, 10.1186/s12913-017-2693-2 Betten, 2015, Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Swedish STarT Back Screening Tool, Eur. J. Physiother., 17, 29, 10.3109/21679169.2014.1003962 Braun, 2018, Current use of measurement instruments by physiotherapists working in Germany: a cross-sectional online survey, BMC Health Serv. Res., 18, 810, 10.1186/s12913-018-3563-2 Brinkman, 2019, Current use of PROMs and factors associated with their use in patients with nonspecific low back pain, Learn Health Syst., 3, e10194, 10.1002/lrh2.10194 Brinkmann, 2014 Bury, 2013, A global view of direct access and patient self-referral to physical therapy: implications for the profession, Phys. Ther., 93, 449, 10.2522/ptj.20120060 Calley, 2010, Identifying patient fear-avoidance beliefs by physical therapists managing patients with low back pain, J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., 40, 774, 10.2519/jospt.2010.3381 Copeland, 2008, Factors influencing the use of outcome measures for patients with low back pain: a survey of New Zealand physical therapists, Phys. Ther., 88, 1492, 10.2522/ptj.20080083 Duncan, 2012, The barriers and facilitators to routine outcome measurement by allied health professionals in practice: a systematic review, BMC Health Serv. Res., 12, 96, 10.1186/1472-6963-12-96 Emerson, 2015, Convenience sampling, random sampling, and snowball sampling: how does sampling affect the validity of research?, J. Vis. Impair. Blind. (JVIB), 109, 164, 10.1177/0145482X1510900215 Gardner, 2015, Patient led goal setting in chronic low back pain-What goals are important to the patient and are they aligned to what we measure?, Patient Educ. Counsel., 98, 1035, 10.1016/j.pec.2015.04.012 Graneheim, 2004, Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness, Nurse Educ. Today, 24, 105, 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001 Graneheim, 2017, Methodological challenges in qualitative content analysis: a discussion paper, Nurse Educ. Today, 56, 29, 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.06.002 Granstrom, 2020, Cross-cultural adaption and validation of the Swedish version of the Core Outcome Measures Index for low-back pain, Eur. Spine J., 29, 1445, 10.1007/s00586-019-06271-z Guidance for industry Hill, 2011, Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 378, 1560, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60937-9 Holmes, 2018, Chiropractors’ views on the use of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical practice: a qualitative study, Chiropr. Man. Therap., 26, 50, 10.1186/s12998-018-0219-6 Inglis, 2008, The awareness and use of outcome measures by South African physiotherapists, S. Afr. J. Physiother., 64, 102, 10.4102/sajp.v64i2.102 Jette, 2006, Decision-making ability of physical therapists: physical therapy intervention or medical referral, Phys. Ther., 86, 1619, 10.2522/ptj.20050393 Jordan, 2010, Annual consultation prevalence of regional musculoskeletal problems in primary care: an observational study, BMC Muscoskel. Disord., 11, 144, 10.1186/1471-2474-11-144 Käll, 2016, Use of outcome measures improved after a tailored implementation in primary care physiotherapy: a prospective, controlled study, J. Eval. Clin. Pract., 22, 668, 10.1111/jep.12513 Knoop, 2020, Use and perceived added value of patient-reported measurement instruments by physiotherapists treating acute low back pain: a survey study among Dutch physiotherapists, BMC Muscoskel. Disord., 21, 120, 10.1186/s12891-020-3132-9 Kyte, 2015, An introduction to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in physiotherapy, Physiotherapy, 101, 119, 10.1016/j.physio.2014.11.003 Lindgren, 2020, Abstraction and interpretation during the qualitative content analysis process, Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 108, 103632, 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103632 Malterud, 2016, Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power, Qual. Health Res., 26, 1753, 10.1177/1049732315617444 Meerhoff, 2017, Development and evaluation of an implementation strategy for collecting data in a national registry and the use of patient-reported outcome measures in physical therapist practices: quality improvement study, Phys. Ther., 97, 837, 10.1093/ptj/pzx051 Meerhoff, 2019, Exploring the perspective of patients with musculoskeletal health problems in primary care on the use of patient-reported outcome measures to stimulate quality improvement in physiotherapist practice; a qualitative study, Physiother. Theory Pract., 1 Mehta, 2014, A survey on the use of outcome measures by musculoskeletal physiotherapist's in India, Physiother. Theory Pract., 30, 110, 10.3109/09593985.2013.826313 Miki, 2020, Difference between physical therapist estimation and psychological patient-reported outcome measures in patients with low back pain, PloS One, 15, e0227999, 10.1371/journal.pone.0227999 WHO, 2001 Osthols, 2019, Clinical assessment and patient-reported outcome measures in low-back pain - a survey among primary health care physiotherapists, Disabil. Rehabil., 41, 2459, 10.1080/09638288.2018.1467503 Robinson, 2014, Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: a theoretical and practical guide, Qual. Res. Psychol., 11, 25, 10.1080/14780887.2013.801543 Roller, 2015 Skinner, 2006, The use of standardized outcome measures in rehabilitation centres in the UK, Clin. Rehabil., 20, 609, 10.1191/0269215506cr981oa Stokes, 2008, Use of outcome measures in physiotherapy practice in Ireland from 1998 to 2003 and comparison to canadian trends, Physiother. Can., 60, 109, 10.3138/physio.60.2.109 2021, 2021 Swinkels, 2011, Current use and barriers and facilitators for implementation of standardised measures in physical therapy in The Netherlands, BMC Muscoskel. Disord., 12, 106, 10.1186/1471-2474-12-106 Tong, 2007, Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups, Int. J. Qual. Health Care, 19, 349, 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042 Vaismoradi, 2013, Content analysis and thematic analysis: implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study, Nurs. Health Sci., 15, 398, 10.1111/nhs.12048 van Dulmen, 2017, Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) for goalsetting and outcome measurement in primary care physiotherapy, an explorative field study, Physiotherapy, 103, 66, 10.1016/j.physio.2016.01.001 Verburg, 2019, Development of a standard set of outcome measures for non-specific low back pain in Dutch primary care physiotherapy practices: a Delphi study, Eur. Spine J., 28, 1550, 10.1007/s00586-019-05962-x Wedge, 2012, Factors influencing the use of outcome measures in physical therapy practice, Physiother. Theory Pract., 28, 119, 10.3109/09593985.2011.578706 WorldPhysiotherapy 2021. https://world.physio/guideline/standards. [cited 2021 21-02-25]; Available from: https://world.physio/guideline/standards. Wu, 2020, Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, Ann. Transl. Med., 8, 299, 10.21037/atm.2020.02.175