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Liệu các mục tiêu thành tích tránh né luôn có hại? Một góc nhìn từ phát triển người lớn
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu về các mục tiêu thành tích liên tục chỉ ra rằng các mục tiêu tránh né thành công (tức là nỗ lực để tránh tổn thất) là không thích ứng, đặc biệt là so với các mục tiêu tiếp cận thành công (tức là nỗ lực đạt được những thành tựu). Hầu hết nghiên cứu đều được thực hiện với trẻ em hoặc người lớn tuổi trẻ, tuy nhiên. Các lý thuyết về động lực trong suốt tuổi đời cho rằng người cao tuổi có nhiều khả năng nỗ lực duy trì và phòng ngừa tổn thất hơn là đạt được thành tựu, và cũng cho rằng họ đôi khi thu lợi từ việc theo đuổi những mục tiêu đó. Tích hợp hai phương pháp này, thí nghiệm này đã so sánh trải nghiệm và hiệu suất của người trẻ và người lớn tuổi trên một nhiệm vụ trong phòng thí nghiệm khi theo đuổi các mục tiêu tiếp cận hoặc tránh né thành công. Kết quả cho thấy người lớn tuổi cảm nhận rằng mục tiêu tiếp cận thành công dễ đạt được hơn và do đó cảm thấy ít áp lực hơn, thích thú hơn với nhiệm vụ và thực hiện tốt hơn, trong khi người lớn tuổi lại thể hiện mẫu này với mục tiêu tránh né thành công. Hiệu ứng đồng bộ này tái hiện nghiên cứu gần đây về sự phát triển người lớn và có ý nghĩa rộng hơn cho lý thuyết về các mục tiêu thành tích và động lực tránh né nói chung.
Từ khóa
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