Are loneliness and social isolation associated with cognitive decline?

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry - Tập 34 Số 11 - Trang 1613-1622 - 2019
Elvira Lara1,2,3, Francisco Félix Caballero4,5, Laura Alejandra Rico‐Uribe1, Beatriz Olaya1,6, Josep María Haro1,7,6, José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos1,2,3, Marta Miret1,2,3
1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
2Department of Psychiatry Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐Princesa) Madrid Spain
3Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
4Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
5Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
6Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
7Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Tóm tắt

Objective

This study aimed to examine the association of loneliness and social isolation on cognition over a 3‐year follow‐up period in middle‐ and older‐aged adults.

Methods

Data from a Spanish nationally representative sample were analyzed (n = 1691; aged 50 years or older). Loneliness, social isolation, and cognition (immediate recall, delayed recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, backward digit span, and a composite cognitive score) were assessed both at baseline and at follow‐up. Adjusted generalized estimating equations models were performed.

Results

Loneliness was significantly associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, immediate and delayed recall, verbal fluency, and backward digit span (B = −0.14 to B = −3.16; P < .05) and with a more rapid decline from baseline to follow‐up in two out of six cognitive tests. Higher social isolation was associated with lower scores in the composite cognitive score, verbal fluency, and forward digit span (B = −0.06 to B = −0.85; P < .05). The effect of loneliness and social isolation on cognition remained significant after the exclusion of individuals with depression.

Conclusions

Both loneliness and social isolation are associated with decreased cognitive function over a 3‐year follow‐up period. The development of interventions that include the enhancement of social participation and the maintenance of emotionally supportive relationships might contribute to cognitive decline prevention and risk reduction.

Từ khóa


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Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Tập 34 Số 11

1613-1622

Thông tin tác giả