Aquifer recharge with treated municipal wastewater: long-term experience at San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora
Tóm tắt
This paper presents 10 years of experience in recharging reclaimed waters via infiltration basins in order to reverse overdraft in a previously overexploited aquifer. First, the feasibility of artificial recharge was evaluated using an infiltration experiment to estimate the percolation rates and the capacity for reclaimed water treatment by passing groundwater and treated wastewater through the soil vadose zone to the aquifer in a pilot pond. Ongoing physicochemical and bacteriological monitoring of the reclaimed and recharged water introduced to the aquifer was then conducted to ensure that the native groundwater was not contaminated. After transit through a 20-m-thick vadose zone, the concentration of chloride, manganese and iron increased due to evaporation and dissolution processes, and total removal of coliforms was observed. We found that low water levels in ponds prevented the transport of fine particles to deep layers of the soil vadose zone and maintained a concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) less than 30 mg/l, thus reducing the volume of particles clogging the soil. The pilot test and maintenance practices described in this work have been followed in the development of managed aquifer recharge projects in other semiarid regions.
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