Aproximación A. El tratamiento farmacológico de la hemorragia digestiva alta con inhibidores de la bomba de protones debería administrarse a todos los pacientes desde el mismo ingreso y antes de la endoscopia

Longstreth, 1995, Epidemiology of hospitalization for acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a population-based study, Am J Gastroenterol, 90, 206 Feu, 2003, Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hemorragia digestiva alta aguda no varicosa, Gastroenterol Hepatol, 26, 70, 10.1157/13042813 Vreeburg, 1999, Validation of the Rockall risk scoring system in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Gut, 44, 331, 10.1136/gut.44.3.331 Dimaio, 2007, Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am, 17, 253, 10.1016/j.giec.2007.03.003 Green, 1978, Effect of acid and pepsine on blood coagulation and platelet agregation. A possible contributor prolonged gastrointestinal mucosalhemorrhage, Gastroenterology, 74, 38, 10.1016/0016-5085(78)90352-9 Patchett, 1989, Clot lysis by gastric juice: an in vitro study, Gut, 30, 1704, 10.1136/gut.30.12.1704 Patchett, 1995, Pharmacological manipulation of gastric juice: thrombelastographic assessment and implications for treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Gut, 36, 358, 10.1136/gut.36.3.358 Netzer, 1999, Effect of repeated injection and continuous infusion of omeprazole and ranitidine on intragastric pH over 72 hours, Am J Gastroenterol, 94, 351 Brunner, 1996, Optimizing the intragastric pH as a supportive therapy in upper GI bleeding, Yale J Biol Med, 69, 25 Udd, 2005, The effect of regular and high doss of omeprazole on the intragastric acidity in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer treated endoscopically: a clinical trial with continous intragastric pH monitoring, Eur J Gastroenterol, 17, 1351, 10.1097/00042737-200512000-00014 Khuroo, 2005, Treatment with proton bomb inhibitors in acute non-variceal upper gastro-intestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 20, 11, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03441.x Leontiadis, 2007, Proton bomb inhibitor therapy for peptic ulcer bleeding: Cochrane collaboration meta-analysis of ramdomized controlled trials, Mayo Clin Proc, 82, 286, 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)61024-0 Rockall, 1996, Risk assessment after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, Gut, 38, 316, 10.1136/gut.38.3.316 Branicki, 1990, Bleeding peptic ulcer: a prospective evaluation of risk factors for rebleeding and mortality, Word J Surg, 14, 262, 10.1007/BF01664889 Paimela, 2002, Current features of peptic ulcer disease in Finland. Incidence of surgery, hospital admissions and mortality for the disease during the past twenty-five years, Scand J Gastroenterol, 37, 399, 10.1080/003655202317316015 Van Leerdam, 2003, Acute upper GI bleeding. Did anything change? Time trend analysis of incidence and outcome of acute upper GI bleeding between 1993/1994 and 2000, Am J Gastroenterol, 98, 1494, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07517.x Barkun, 2003, Consensus recommendations for managing patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Ann Inter Med, 139, 843, 10.7326/0003-4819-139-10-200311180-00012 Editorial. Rockall redux: retracted or redacted? Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:613-4. Das, 2004, Prediction of outcome of acute GI hemorrhage: a review of risk scores and predictive models, Gastrointest Endosc, 60, 85, 10.1016/S0016-5107(04)01291-X Katschinski, 1994, Prognostic factors in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Dig Dis Sci, 39, 706, 10.1007/BF02087411 Keyvani, 2006, Pre-endoscopic proton bomb inhibitor therapy reduces recurrent adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-vericeal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 24, 1247, 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03115.x Andrews, 2005, Intravenous proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy in bleeding peptic ulcer with high-risk stigmata: a multicentre comparative study, Can J Gastroenterol, 19, 667, 10.1155/2005/476205 Lau, 2007, Omeprazole before endoscopy in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, N Engl J Med, 356, 1631, 10.1056/NEJMoa065703 Elphick, 2007, Omeprazole before endoscopy in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, N Engl J Med, 357, 303, 10.1056/NEJMc071369 Pre-endoscopic PPI therapy reduces recurrent adverse outcomes in acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25:343-4. Dorward, 2006, Proton bomb inhibitor treatment iniciated prior to endoscopic diagnosis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Cochrane database Syst Rev, 4 Hawkey, 2001, Drug treatments in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: value of endoscopic findings as surrogate end points, Gut, 49, 372, 10.1136/gut.49.3.372 Lau, 2005, Early administration of high dose intravenous omeprazole prior to endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a double blind placebo controlled randomized trial, Gastroenterolgy, 128, 347A Daneshmend, 1992, Omeprazole versus placebo for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: randomised double blind controlled trial, BMJ, 304, 143, 10.1136/bmj.304.6820.143 Hulagu, 1995, The effect of omeprazole or ranitidine intravenous on upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Endoskop J, 2, 35 Wallner, 1996, Treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding with intravenous omeprazole or ranitidine, Eur J Clin Res, 8, 235 Esplugues, 2006, Seguridad de la utilización de los inhibidores de la bomba de protones, Med Clin (Barc), 127, 790, 10.1157/13095825 Labenz, 2003, A summary of Food and Drug Administration-reported adverse events and drug interactions occurring during therapy with omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 17, 1015, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01550.x Gagnon, 2003, Cost implications of administering intravenous proton pump inhibitors to all patients presenting to the emergency department with peptic ulcer bleeding, Value Health, 6, 457, 10.1046/j.1524-4733.2003.64262.x Enns, 2003, Cost-effectiveness in Canada of intravenous proton pump inhibitors for all patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 17, 225, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01412.x