Appraising the hydrogeochemistry and pollution status of groundwater in Afikpo North, SE Nigeria, using stoichiometric and indexical modeling approach
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment - Trang 1-21 - 2023
Tóm tắt
Twenty-four groundwater samples were collected from different boreholes and hand-dug wells in Afikpo North, southeastern Nigeria, to ascertain their hydrogeochemical characteristics and quality for drinking and irrigation purposes. The measured pH ranged from 5.37 to 7.02, with a mean value of 6.23, signifying a slightly acidic to neutral. Most of the analyzed physicochemical parameters were within the allowable limits according to the World Health Organization standard. The physiochemical and hydrogeochemical assessment revealed that factors such as mineral-rock weathering, ionic exchange processes, rock weathering, use of agrochemicals, and the chemical influx of solid waste all impacted the groundwater chemistry in the area. The groundwater quality index rated 58.3% of the samples as excellent water and 3 41.7% as good water, while the overall index of pollution rated 62.5% of the entire sample as having excellent water quality and 37.5% as having acceptable water quality. All groundwater evaluated by sodium absorption ratio, electrical conductivity, residual sodium carbonate, and Kelly’s ratio were categorized as suitable for irrigation based on the irrigation water quality. Based on the magnesium hazard and sodium percent (Na%), about 65% of the groundwater samples are categorized as suitable for irrigation use, whereas around 35% are unsuitable. However, the potential salinity and permeability index classed all examined groundwater samples as unsuitable for irrigation use. Generally, following the findings, the groundwaters are suitable for both human consumption and irrigation. However, some of the water samples show relatively higher values, which means that they are likely to get contaminated with time. Therefore, implementing appropriate measures to safeguard and maintain public health and groundwater quality in the region to prevent future groundwater contamination is recommended.
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