Application of nano-nickel catalyst in the viscosity reduction of Liaohe extra-heavy oil by aqua-thermolysis

Liu, 2005 Hyne JB, Greidanus JW, Tyrer JD, Verona D, Clark PD, Clarke RA, Koo JH F. Aqua-thermolysis of heavy oil s. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sand s. Caracas, Venezuela, 1982, Chapter IX, Vol. I. Clark, 1990, Studies on the chemical reactions of heavy oils under steam stimulation, AOSTRA JRes, 6, 29 Liu, 2002, Study on the aqua-themolysis and viscosity reduced mechanism of heavy oil, Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute, 26, 95 Li, 2006, Mechanism of viscosity reduction of ultra-heavy oil by emulsification, Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 26, 95 Clark, 1990, Studies on the effect of metal species on oil sands undergoing steam treatments, AOSTRA JRes, 6, 53 Zhao, 2002, Study on feasibility of heavy oil aqua-thermolysis, Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 30, 381 Fan, 2006, Upgrading and viscosity reduction of super heavy oil by aqua-thermolysis with hydrogen donor, Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 34, 315 Chen, 2002, Progress on hydrogen storage technology based on liquid organic hydrides, Acta Energlae Solaris Sinica, 23, 528 Chen, 1997 Cacciola, 1993, Influence of hydrogen-permeable membranes upon the efficiency of the high-temperature chemical heat pumps based on cyclohexane dehydrogenation-benzene hydrogenation reactions, Int JHydrogen Energy., 18, 673, 10.1016/0360-3199(93)90121-P Song, 2005, Study on preparation of magnetic Fe3O4 nano-particle with double micro emulsion, Journal of Function Materials, 36, 1762 Clark, 1984, Chemistry of organic sulphur compound types occurring in heavy oil sands: 3. Reaction of thiophene and terahydrothiophene with vanadyl and nickel salts, Fuel, 63, 1649, 10.1016/0016-2361(84)90094-2 Clark, 1984, Steam-oil chemical reactions: Mechanisms for the aqua-thermolysis of heavy oils, AOSTRA JRes, 1, 15