Application of Spatial Analysis to Identify the Location of Entrepreneurs Supported by the Regional Government in Andalusia (Spain)
Tóm tắt
In this work, spatial analysis was used to identify the locations of entrepreneurs supported by the regional government of Andalusia (Spain). The objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the support work for entrepreneurship carried out by the Andalusians Entrepreneurship Centres (CADEs) in the autonomous community. As a first approach to this objective, the geographical situation of the supported entrepreneurs is determined, and how that situation influences the support for entrepreneurship is analysed. We use spatial pattern analysis techniques that allow us to assess the impact of these efforts. Attending to the areas of greater concentration as well as those of lower concentration, we conclude that CADEs are an effective instrument of the entrepreneurship policy in this region. In addition, by concentrating on rural and mountain areas, the work of CADEs contributes to the local development of these zones by supporting the development and sustainability of the business sector in areas with higher unemployment rates and a greater threat of depopulation. The study’s conclusions are relevant in showing the role of public administration in the development of European Union (EU) Objective 1 regions and, more specifically, in the support of entrepreneurship.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ács, Z. J., Szerb, L., Ortega-Argilés, R., Aidis, R., & Coduras, A. (2015). The regional application of the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI): The case of Spain. Regional Studies, 49(12), 1977–1994.
Aernoudt, R. (2004). Incubators: Tool for entrepreneurship? Small Business Economics, 23, 127. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SBEJ.0000027665.54173.23
Anselin, L. (2001). Spatial econometrics. In B. H. Baltagi (Ed.), A companion to theoretical econometrics (pp. 310–331). Blackwell.
Anselin, L., Syabri, I., & Kho, Y. (2006). GeoDa: An introduction to spatial data analysis. Geographical Analysis, 38(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0016-7363.2005.00671
Aparicio, S., Urbano, D., & Audretsch, D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: panel data evidence. Technological Forecasting y Social Change, 102, 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.04.006
Arshed, N., Carter, S., & Mason, C. (2014). The ineffectiveness of entrepreneurship policy: Is policy formulation to blame? Small Business Economic, 43(3), 639–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9554-8
Anton, S. G., & Onofrei, M. (2016). Public policies to support entrepreneurship and SMEs. Empirical evidences from Romania. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 47, 5–19.
Auchincloss, A. H., Gebreab, S. Y., Mair, C., & Diez Roux, A. V. (2012). A review of spatial methods in epidemiology, 2000–2010. Annual Review of Public Health, 33(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124655
Audretsch, D. B., & Beckmann, I. A. M. (2007). From small business to entrepreneurship policy. In D. Audretsch, I. Grilo, & A. R. Thurik (Eds.), Handbook of research on entrepreneurship policy (pp. 36–51). Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Audretsch, D. B., Heger, D., & Veith, T. (2015). Infrastructure and entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 44(2), 219–230.
Bailey, T. C., & Gatrell, A. C. (1995). Interactive spatial data analysis (Vol. 413). Longman Scientific and Technical Essex.
Bergmann-Winberg, M. L. (2014). Social and political entrepreneurship: Ways and means to develop sparsely populated regions? In A. Lundström, C. Zhou, Y. von Friedrichs, & E. Sundin (Eds.), Social Entrepreneurship. International studies in entrepreneurship. (Vol. 29). Springer.
Bienkowska, W. (2013). Activities of local authorities in promoting entrepreneurship in Poland. Economic Science for Rural Development, 32, 26–31.
Bishop, P. (2012). Knowledge, diversity and entrepreneurship: A spatial analysis of new firm formation in Great Britain. Enterpreneurship and Regional Development, 24(7–8), 641–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2011.617786
Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, A. S., & Charlton, M. E. (1996). Geographically weighted regression: A method for exploring spatial nonstationarity. Geographical Analysis, 28(4), 281–298.
Chasco, C. (2013). GeoDaSpace: A resource for teaching spatial regression models. Rect@, (4), 119.
Cliff, A. D., & Ord, J. K. (1969). The problem of spatial autocorrelation. In London Papers in Regional Science (pp. 25–55). Retrieved from http://www.sciepub.com/reference/18110
Cobo-Soler, S., Fernández-Alcantud, A., López-Morales, J. M., & Santamaría-García, M. (2018). Public support for entrepreneurship, human capital and talent in the context of Spanish tourism. Investigaciones Regionales – Journal of Regional Research, 42, 53–74.
Eklund, J., Levratto, N., & Ramello, G. B. (2020). Entrepreneurship and failure: Two sides of the same coin? Small Business Economic, 54, 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0039-z
Espinoza, C., Mardones, C., Sáez, K., & Catalán, P. (2019). Entrepreneurship and regional dynamics: The case of Chile. Journal Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1565421
Esri Inc. (2020). ArcGIS Pro (Version 2.5).
EU Commission. (2012). Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2012:0795:FIN:en:PDF
EU Parliament, (2013). Directive 2013/34/EU Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013L0034&from=ES
Fritsch, M., & Storey, D. J. (2014). Entrepreneurship in a regional context: Historical roots, recent developments and future challenges. Regional Studies, 48(6), 939–954.
Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2014). The long persistence of regional levels of entrepreneurship: Germany, 1925–2005. Regional Studies, 48(6), 955–973.
Fotheringham, A. S. (2002). Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships. Wiley.
García-Alonso, C. R., Pérez-Naranjo, L. M., & Fernández-Caballero, J. C. (2014). Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms to identify highly autocorrelated areas: The case of spatial distribution in financially compromised farms. Annals of Operations Research, 219(1), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-011-0841-3
Getis, A., & Ord, J. K. (1992). The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24, 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x
Godtfredsen, L. R. (2007). Entrepreneurship in Slovenia: Assessing the impact of public policy. Communist Economies and Economic Transformation, 8(3), 411–425.
Goerlich, F. J., Reig, E., & Cantarino, I. (2016). Construcción de una tipología rural/urbana para los municipios españoles. Journal of Regional Research, 35, 151–173.
Greene, W. H. (2018). Econometric analysis (8th ed.). Pearson.
Guerra, G., & Patuelli, R. (2014). The influence of role models on immigrant self-employment: A spatial analysis for Switzerland. International Journal of Manpower, 35(12), 187–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2013-0200
INE. (2015). INEbase/Mercado laboral/Actividad, ocupación y paro. Retrieved April 30, 2016, from http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/categoria.htm?c=Estadistica_Pandcid=1254735976595
De Jorge-Moreno, J. (2017). Influence of entrepreneurship on economic growth and efficiency: Importance of institucional quality and social innovation from an international perspective. Revista De Economía Mundial, 46, 137–162.
Junta de Andalucía. (2014). Programa de Desarrollo Rural de Andalucía 2014–2020, 2013 (Versión 10), 289. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Junta de Andalucía. (2018). Ley 3/2018, de 8 de mayo, Andaluza de Fomento del Emprendimiento. España.
Katimertzopoulos, F. & Vlados, C. (2017). Local support mechanisms for entrepreneurship: The approach of local development and innovation institutions. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3002388
Ladeira, F. M. B., & Machado, H. V. (2013). Social Entrepreneurship: A reflection for adopting public policies that support the third sector in Brazil. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 8, 188–196. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242013000300017
Lerner, J. (2010). The future of public efforts to boost entrepreneurship and venture capital. Small Business Economics, 35, 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9298-z
Mann, H. B., & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177730491
Maas, C., Salinas-Perez, J. A., Bagheri, N., Rosenberg, S., Campos, W., Gillespie, J. A., & Salvador-Carulla, L. (2019). A spatial analysis of referrals to a primary mental health programme in Western Sydney from 2012 to 2015. Geospatial Health, 14, 204–210. https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2019.773
Mckevitt, D., & Marshall, D. (2015). The legitimacy of entrepreneurial mentoring. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-05-2014-0089
Micciché, R. (2018). Política de cohesión. Bruselas. https://doi.org/10.2776/44725
Molinero, F. (2019). El espacio rural de España: Evolución, delimitación y clasificación. Cuadernos Geográficos, 58, 1–38.
Molinero, F., & Alario, M. (2019). Ante el reto de la despoblación de la España interior y sus diferencias regionals. In: Cejudo, E. and Navarro, F. (eds.). Despoblación y transformaciones sociodemográficas de los territorios rurales: los casos de España, Italia y Francia, Perspectives on Rural Development 3, pp. 41–69
Moran, P. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1/2), 17–23. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2332142
Mustafa-Topxhiu, R. (2012). The role of entrepreneurship and enterprises for local economic development. Academicus - International Scientific Journal, 5, 96–107.
OECD. (2009). The impact of the global crisis on SME and entrepreneurship financing and policy responses [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/industry/smes/43183090.pdf
OECD. (2010). Assessment of government support programmes for SMEs’ and entrepreneurs’ access to finance in the global crisis [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/Assessment_Government_Support_Programmes.pdf
OECD. (2012). Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs 2012: An OECD Scoreboard, 2012 [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/financing-smes-and-entrepreneurship_9789264166769-en
OECD and European Commission. (2017). The missing entrepreneurs: Policies for inclusive entrepreneurship in Europe [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/industry/the-missing-entrepreneurs-2017-9789264283602-en.htm
Plummer, L. A. (2010). Spatial dependence in entrepreneurship research: Challenges and methods. Organizational Research Methods, 13(1), 146–175.
Recaño, J. (2017). La sostenibilidad demográfica de la España vacía. Perspectives Demografiques, 7, 1–4.
Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Galindo-Martín, M. A. (2012). Government policies to support entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 24(9–10), 861–864.
Rodero-Cosano, M. L., Salinas-Perez, J. A., Gonzalez-Caballero, J. L., Garcia-Alonso, C. R., Lagares-Franco, C., & Salvador-Carulla, L. (2014). The relationships between depression spatial clusters and mental health planning in Catalonia (Spain). In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (vol. 8582 LNCS, pp. 438–447). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09147-1_32
Rodríguez, G. I., & Tarazona, O. (2015). Unidades de emprendimiento bajo un estudio de eficiencia relativa. Revista Facultad De Ciencias Económicas: Investigación y Reflexión, 2, 149–162.
Salinas Pérez, J. A. (2012). Análisis espacial de la distribución en el territorio de variables sanitarias y socioeconómicas mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial y sus aplicaciones en la planificación sociosanitaria de la salud mental. Universidad de Córdoba.
Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9215-5
Shekhar, S., Evans, M. R., Kang, J. M., & Mohan, P. (2011). Identifying patterns in spatial information: A survey of methods. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 1(3), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.25
Skica, T., Bem, A. & Daszyńska Żygadło, K. (2014). The role of local government in the process of entrepreneurship development. Financial Internet Quarterly, “e-Finance,” 9 (4): 1–24. Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/147080
Tobler, W. R. (1970). A computer movie simulating urban growth in the detroit region. Economic Geography, 46(sup1), 234. https://doi.org/10.2307/143141
United Nations. (2014). Entrepreneurship for development. Retrieved from: https://unctad.org/meetings/en/SessionalDocuments/a69d320_en.pdf
Wakefield, J., Kelsall, J. E., & Morris, S. E. (2000). Clustering, cluster detection, and spatial variations in risk. Oxford University Press.
Wilbanks, J. E. (2015). Mentoring and entrepreneurship: Examining the potential for entrepreneurship education and for aspiring new entrepreneurs. Small Business Strategy, 23, 93–101.