Apoptosis and the maintenance of homoeostasis in the immune system

Current Opinion in Immunology - Tập 8 - Trang 245-254 - 1996
Barbara A Osborne1
1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 304 Paige Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Nossal, 1994, Negative selection of lymphocytes, Cell, 76, 229, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90331-X Smith, 1989, Antibodies to CD3/T-cell receptor complex induces death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic culture, Nature, 337, 181, 10.1038/337181a0 MacDonald, 1990, Programmed death of autoreactive thymocytes, Nature, 343, 624, 10.1038/343642a0 Hartley, 1993, Elimination of self-reactive B lymphocytes proceeds in two stages: arrested development and cell death, Cell, 72, 325, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90111-3 Surh, 1994, T-cell apoptosis detected in situ during positive and negative selection in the thymus, Nature, 372, 100, 10.1038/372100a0 Allen, 1994, Peptides in positive and negative selection: a delicate balance, Cell, 76, 593, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90497-9 Sprent, 1988, T cell selection in the thymus, Immunol Rev, 101, 172, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1988.tb00737.x Zacharchuk, 1990, Programmed T lymphocyte death: cell activation- and steroid-induced pathways are mutually antagonistic, J Immunol, 145, 4037, 10.4049/jimmunol.145.12.4037 Iwata, 1991, Rescue of thymocytes and T cell hybridomas from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis by stimulation via the T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a possible in vitro model for positive selection of the T cell repertoire, Eur J Immunol, 21, 643, 10.1002/eji.1830210316 Wyllie, 1980, Glucocorticoid induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation, Nature, 284, 555, 10.1038/284555a0 Vacchio, 1994, Steroid production in the thymus: implications for thymocyte selection, J Exp Med, 179, 1835, 10.1084/jem.179.6.1835 King, 1995, A targeted glucocorticoid receptor antisense transgene increases thymocyte apoptosis and alters thymocyte development, Immunity, 5, 647, 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90135-3 Page, 1993, Two signals are required for negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, J Immunol, 151, 1868, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.4.1868 Punt, 1994, Negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by T-cell receptor-induced apoptosis requires a constimulatory signal that can be provided by CD28, J Exp Med, 179, 709, 10.1084/jem.179.2.709 Foy, 1995, An essential role for gp39, the ligand for CD40, in thymic selection, J Exp Med, 182, 1377, 10.1084/jem.182.5.1377 Lowe, 1993, p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes, Nature, 362, 847, 10.1038/362847a0 Clarke, 1993, Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways, Nature, 362, 849, 10.1038/362849a0 Woronicz, 1994, Requirement for the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 in apoptosis of T cell hybridomas, Nature, 367, 277, 10.1038/367277a0 Liu, 1994, Apoptotic signals delivered through the T-cell receptor require the immediate-early gene nur77, Nature, 367, 281, 10.1038/367281a0 Lee, 1995, Unimpaired thymic and peripheral T cell death in mice lacking the nuclear receptor NGFI-B (Nur77), Science, 269, 532, 10.1126/science.7624775 Calnan, 1995, A role for the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 in apoptosis accompanying antigen-induced negative selection, Immunity, 3, 273, 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90113-2 Dieken, 1992, Transcriptional transactivation functions localized to the glucocorticoid receptor N terminus are necessary for steroid induction of lymphocyte apoptosis, Mol Cell Biol, 12, 587, 10.1128/MCB.12.2.589 Norvell, 1995, Engagement of the antigen-receptor on immature murine B lymphocytes results in death by apoptosis, J Immunol, 154, 4404, 10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4404 Dhein, 1995, Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-1/(Fas/CD95), Nature, 373, 438, 10.1038/373438a0 Brunner, 1995, Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)/Fas-ligand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas, Nature, 373, 441, 10.1038/373441a0 Ju, 1995, Fas (CD95)/FasL interactions required for programmed cell death after T-cell activation, Nature, 373, 444, 10.1038/373444a0 Russell, 1993, Mature T cells of autoimmune Ipr/Ipr mice have a defect in antigen-stimulated suicide, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, 4409, 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4409 Russell, 1993, Autoimmune gld mutation uncouples suicide and cytokine/proliferation pathways in activated mature T cells, Eur J Immunol, 23, 2379, 10.1002/eji.1830230951 Adachi, 1995, Targeted mutation in the Fas gene cause hyperplasia in the peripheral lymphoid organs and liver, Nature Genetics, 11, 294, 10.1038/ng1195-294 Adachi, 1996, Enhanced and accelerated lymphoproliferation in Fas-null mice, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 10.1073/pnas.93.5.2131 Zheng, 1995, Induction of apoptosis in mature T cells by tumor necrosis factor, Nature, 377, 348, 10.1038/377348a0 Giese, 1994, Chronic treatment of C3H-Ipr/Ipr and C3H-gld/gld mice with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody prevents the accumulation of double negative T cells but not autoantibody production, J Immunol, 152, 2000, 10.4049/jimmunol.152.4.2000 Watanabe, 1995, Expression of Fas in B cells of the mouse germinal center and Fas-dependent killing of activated B cells, Int Immunol, 12 Rathmell, 1995, CD95 (Fas)-dependent elimination of self-reactive B cells upon interactions with CD4+ T cells, Nature, 376, 181, 10.1038/376181a0 Rothstein, 1995, Protection against Fas-dependent Th1-mediated apoptosis by antigen receptor engagement in B cells, Nature, 374, 163, 10.1038/374163a0 Pulendran, 1995, Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells, Nature, 375, 331, 10.1038/375331a0 Shokat, 1995, Antigen-induced B-cell death and elimination during germinal-centre immune responses, Nature, 375, 334, 10.1038/375334a0 Han, 1995, In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. IV. Affinity dependent, antigen driven B cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerence, J Exp Med, 182, 1635, 10.1084/jem.182.6.1635 Singer, 1994, The Fas antigen is involved in peripheral but not thymic deletion of T lymphocytes in T cell receptor transgenic mice, Immunity, 1, 365, 10.1016/1074-7613(94)90067-1 Rathmell, 1994, Effects of the Ipr mutation on elimination and inactivation of self-reactive B cells, J Immunol, 153, 2831, 10.4049/jimmunol.153.6.2831 Dhein, 1992, Induction of apoptosis by monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1 class switch variants is dependent on cross-linking of APO-1 cell surface antigens, J Immunol, 149, 3166, 10.4049/jimmunol.149.10.3166 Nagata, 1995, The Fas death factor, Science, 267, 1449, 10.1126/science.7533326 Chinnaiyan, 1995, FADD, a novel death domain-containing protein, interacts with the death domain of Fas and initiates apoptosis, Cell, 81, 505, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90071-3 Yuan, 1995, Molecular control of life and death, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 7, 211, 10.1016/0955-0674(95)80030-1 Boldin, 1995, A novel protein sequence that interacts with the death domain of Fas/APO1 contains a sequence motif related to the death domain, J Biol Chem, 270, 7795, 10.1074/jbc.270.14.7795 Stanger, 1995, RIP: a novel protein containing a death domain that interacts with Fas/APO-1 (CD95) in yeast and causes cell death, Cell, 81, 513, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90072-1 Kischkel, 1995, Cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1 (Fas/CD95)-associated proteins form a death-inducing signaling complex with the receptor, EMBO J, 14, 101, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00245.x Hsu, 1995, The TNF receptor 1-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-B activation, Cell, 81, 496, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90070-5 Berke, 1995, The CTLs kiss of death, Cell, 81, 9, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90365-8 Shi, 1994, Premature p34cdc2 activation required for apoptosis, Science, 263, 1143, 10.1126/science.8108732 Chen, 1995, Rescue from granzymeB-induced apoptosis by Wee1 kinase, J Exp Med, 181, 2295, 10.1084/jem.181.6.2295 Darmon, 1995, Activation of the apoptotic protease CPP32 by cytotoxic T-cell-derived granzyme B, Nature, 377, 446, 10.1038/377446a0 Kagi, 1994, Cytotoxicity mediated by T cells and natural killer cells is greatly impaired in perforin-deficient mice, Nature, 369, 31, 10.1038/369031a0 Heusel, 1994, Cytotoxic lymphocytes require granzyme B for the rapid induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in allogeneic target cells, Cell, 76, 977, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90376-X Lowin, 1994, Cytolytic T-cell cytotoxicity is mediated through perforin and Fas lytic pathways, Nature, 370, 650, 10.1038/370650a0 Rouvier, 1993, Fas involvement in Ca2+-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, J Exp Med, 177, 195, 10.1084/jem.177.1.195 Ramsdell, 1994, gld/gld mice are unable to express a functional ligand for Fas, Eur J Immunol, 24, 928, 10.1002/eji.1830240422 Tsujimoto, 1984, Cloning of the chromosome breakpoint of neoplastic B cells with the t(14:18) translocation, Science, 226, 1097, 10.1126/science.6093263 Vaux, 1988, Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoletic cell survival and co-operates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells, Nature, 335, 440, 10.1038/335440a0 Strasser, 1995, Life and death during lymphocyte development and function: evidence for two distinct killing mechanisms, Curr Opin Immunol, 7, 228, 10.1016/0952-7915(95)80007-7 Linette, 1994, Differentiation and cell death: lessons from the immune system, Curr Opin Cell Biol, 6, 809, 10.1016/0955-0674(94)90049-3 Cory, 1995, BCL-2 family and lymphocyte survival, Annu Rev Immunol, 13, 513, 10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.002501 Linette, 1994, Bcl-2 is upregulated at the CD4+CD8+ stage during positive selection and promotes thymocyte differentiation at several control points, Immunity, 1, 197, 10.1016/1074-7613(94)90098-1 Sentman, 1991, Bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes, Cell, 67, 879, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90361-2 Strasser, 1991, Bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship, Cell, 67, 889, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90362-3 Veis, 1993, Bcl-2-deficient mice demonstrate fulminant lymphoid apoptosis, polycystic kidneys, and hypopigmented hair, Cell, 75, 229, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80065-M Oltvai, 1993, Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death, Cell, 74, 609, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90509-O Knudson, 1995, Bax-deficient mice with lymphoid hyperplasia and male germ cell death, Science, 270, 96, 10.1126/science.270.5233.96 Boise, 1993, Bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death, Cell, 74, 597, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90508-N Motoyama, 1995, Massive cell death of immature hematopoietic cells and neurons in Bcl-x-deficient mice, Science, 267, 1506, 10.1126/science.7878471 Yang, 1995, Bad, a heterodimeric partner for Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, displaces Bax and promotes cell death, Cell, 80, 285, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90411-5 Sedlak, 1995, Multiple Bcl-2 family members demonstrate selective dimerizations with Bax, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 92, 7834, 10.1073/pnas.92.17.7834 Zamzami, 1995, Reduction in mitochondrial potential constitutes an early irreversible step of programmed lymphocyte death in vivo, J Exp Med, 181, 1661, 10.1084/jem.181.5.1661 Osborne, 1994, Identification of genes induced during apoptosis in T lymphocytes, Immunol Rev, 142, 301, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1994.tb00894.x Hockenberry, 1993, Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis, Cell, 75, 241, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80066-N Gulbins, 1995, FAS-induced apoptosis is mediated via a ceramide-initiated RAS signaling pathway, Immunity, 2, 314, 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90142-6 Sarin, 1993, Protease inhibitors selectively block T-cell receptor-triggered programmed cell death in a murine T cell hybridoma and activated peripheral T cells, J Exp Med, 178, 1693, 10.1084/jem.178.5.1693 Sarin, 1995, A protease dependent TCR-induced death pathway in mature lymphocytes, J Immunol, 154, 5806, 10.4049/jimmunol.154.11.5806 Kuida, 1995, Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, Science, 267, 2000, 10.1126/science.7535475 Enari, 1995, Apoptosis by a cytosolic extract from Fas-activated cells, EMBO J, 14, 5101, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00204.x Schlegel, 1995, CPP32/apopain is the ICE-like protease involved in Fas-mediated apoptosis, J Biol Chem, 271, 1841, 10.1074/jbc.271.4.1841 Duan, 1996, ICE-LAP3, a novel mammalian homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein CED-3 is activated during Fas- and tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis, J Biol Chem, 271, 1621, 10.1074/jbc.271.3.1621 Fisher, 1995, Dominant interferring Fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Cell, 81, 935, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90013-6 Rieux-Laucat, 1995, Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syndrome and autoimmunity, Science, 268, 1347, 10.1126/science.7539157 Griffin, 1995, Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege, Science, 270, 1189, 10.1126/science.270.5239.1189 Bellgrau, 1995, A role for CD95 ligand in preventing graft rejection, Nature, 337, 630, 10.1038/377630a0 Gougeon, 1993, Direct and indirect mechanisms mediating apoptosis during HIV infection: contribution to in vivo CD4 T cell depletion, Semin Immunol, 5, 187, 10.1006/smim.1993.1022 Ameisen, 1995, The relevance of apoptosis to AIDS pathogenesis, Trends Cell Biol, 5, 27, 10.1016/S0962-8924(00)88933-3 Finkel, 1995, Apoptosis occurs predominately in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes, Nat Med, 1, 129, 10.1038/nm0295-129