Apigenin restores impairment of autophagy and downregulation of unfolded protein response regulatory proteins in keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet B radiation

Mizushima, 2008, Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion, Nature, 451, 1069, 10.1038/nature06639 White, 2015, Autophagy, metabolism, and cancer, Clin. Cancer Res., 21, 5037, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0490 Qiang, 2017, Autophagy gene ATG7 regulates ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation and skin tumorigenesis, Autophagy, 13, 2086, 10.1080/15548627.2017.1380757 Thongrakard, 2014, Turmeric toxicity in A431 epidermoid cancer cells associates with autophagy degradation of anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic p53 mutant, Phytother. Res., 28, 1761, 10.1002/ptr.5196 Verschooten, 2012, Autophagy inhibitor chloroquine enhanced the cell death inducing effect of the flavonoid luteolin in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma cells, PLoS One, 7, 10.1371/journal.pone.0048264 Slominski, 2012, Sensing the environment: regulation of local and global homeostasis by the skin's neuroendocrine system, Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol., 212, 1, 10.1007/978-3-642-19683-6_1 Slominski, 2018, How UV light touches the brain and endocrine system through skin, and why, Endocrinology, 159, 1992, 10.1210/en.2017-03230 Bode, 2003, Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in UV-induced signal transduction, Sci. STKE, 2003, RE2, 10.1126/stke.2003.167.re2 Bowden, 2004, Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer by targeting ultraviolet-B-light signalling, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 4, 23, 10.1038/nrc1253 Guzman, 2003, Mad dogs, Englishmen and apoptosis: the role of cell death in UV-induced skin cancer, Apoptosis, 8, 315, 10.1023/A:1024112231953 Moriyama, 2017, BNIP3 upregulation via stimulation of ERK and JNK activity is required for the protection of keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis, Cell Death Dis., 8, 10.1038/cddis.2017.4 Ito, 2016, p62 modulates the intrinsic signaling of UVB-induced apoptosis, J. Dermatol. Sci., 83, 226, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.005 Maiuri, 2007, Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 8, 741, 10.1038/nrm2239 Mou, 2017, HMGB1/RAGE axis promotes autophagy and protects keratinocytes from ultraviolet radiation-induced cell death, J. Dermatol. Sci., 85, 162, 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.12.011 Chen, 2018, Ultraviolet B radiation down-regulates ULK1 and ATG7 expression and impairs the autophagy response in human keratinocytes, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 178, 152, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.043 Xu, 2017, Impact on autophagy and ultraviolet B induced responses of treatment with the MTOR inhibitors rapamycin, everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242 in human keratinocytes, Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev., 2017, 5930639, 10.1155/2017/5930639 Chen, 2016, Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway, Sci. Rep., 6, 28423, 10.1038/srep28423 Ross, 2002, Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 22, 19, 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.111401.144957 Ozbey, 2018, Apigenin as an effective anticancer natural product: spotlight on TRAIL, WNT/beta-catenin, JAK-STAT pathways, and microRNAs, J. Cell. Biochem. Bridgeman, 2016, Inhibition of mTOR by apigenin in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes: a new implication of skin cancer prevention, Cell. Signal., 28, 460, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.008 D.J. Klionsky, K. Abdelmohsen, A. Abe, M.J. Abedin, H. Abeliovich, A. Acevedo Arozena, H. Adachi, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adams, K. Adeli, P.J. Adhihetty, S.G. Adler, G. Agam, R. Agarwal, M.K. Aghi, M. Agnello, P. Agostinis, P.V. Aguilar, J. Aguirre-Ghiso, E.M. Airoldi, S. Ait-Si-Ali, T. Akematsu, E.T. Akporiaye, M. Al-Rubeai, G.M. Albaiceta, C. Albanese, D. Albani, M.L. Albert, J. Aldudo, H. Algul, M. Alirezaei, I. Alloza, A. Almasan, M. Almonte-Beceril, E.S. Alnemri, C. Alonso, N. Altan-Bonnet, D.C. Altieri, S. Alvarez, L. Alvarez-Erviti, S. Alves, G. Amadoro, A. Amano, C. Amantini, S. Ambrosio, I. Amelio, A.O. Amer, M. Amessou, A. Amon, Z. An, F.A. Anania, S.U. Andersen, U.P. Andley, C.K. Andreadi, N. Andrieu-Abadie, A. Anel, D.K. Ann, S. Anoopkumar-Dukie, M. Antonioli, H. Aoki, N. Apostolova, S. Aquila, K. Aquilano, K. Araki, E. Arama, A. Aranda, J. Araya, A. Arcaro, E. Arias, H. Arimoto, A.R. Ariosa, J.L. Armstrong, T. Arnould, I. Arsov, K. Asanuma, V. Askanas, E. Asselin, R. Atarashi, S.S. Atherton, J.D. Atkin, L.D. Attardi, P. Auberger, G. Auburger, L. Aurelian, R. Autelli, L. Avagliano, M.L. Avantaggiati, L. Avrahami, S. Awale, N. Azad, T. Bachetti, J.M. Backer, D.H. Bae, J.S. Bae, O.N. Bae, S.H. Bae, E.H. Baehrecke, S.H. Baek, S. Baghdiguian, A. Bagniewska-Zadworna, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.Y. Bai, Y. Bailly, K.N. Balaji, W. Balduini, A. Ballabio, R. Balzan, R. Banerjee, G. Banhegyi, H. Bao, B. Barbeau, M.D. Barrachina, E. Barreiro, B. Bartel, A. Bartolome, D.C. Bassham, M.T. Bassi, R.C. Bast, Jr., A. Basu, M.T. Batista, H. Batoko, M. Battino, K. Bauckman, B.L. Baumgarner, K.U. Bayer, R. Beale, J.F. Beaulieu, G.R. Beck, Jr., C. Becker, J.D. Beckham, P.A. Bedard, P.J. Bednarski, T.J. Begley, C. Behl, C. Behrends, G.M. Behrens, K.E. Behrns, E. Bejarano, A. Belaid, F. Belleudi, G. Benard, G. Berchem, D. Bergamaschi, M. Bergami, B. Berkhout, L. Berliocchi, A. Bernard, M. Bernard, F. Bernassola, A. Bertolotti, A.S. Bess, S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S.K. Bhutia, C. Biagosch, M.W. Bianchi, M. Biard-Piechaczyk, V. Billes, C. Bincoletto, B. Bingol, S.W. Bird, M. Bitoun, I. Bjedov, C. Blackstone, L. Blanc, G.A. Blanco, H.K. Blomhoff, E. Boada-Romero, S. Bockler, M. Boes, K. Boesze-Battaglia, L.H. Boise, A. Bolino, A. Boman, P. Bonaldo, M. Bordi, J. Bosch, L.M. Botana, J. Botti, G. Bou, M. Bouche, M. Bouchecareilh, M.J. Boucher, M.E. Boulton, S.G. Bouret, P. Boya, M. Boyer-Guittaut, P.V. Bozhkov, N. Brady, V.M. Braga, C. Brancolini, G.H. Braus, J.M. Bravo-San Pedro, L.A. Brennan, E.H. Bresnick, P. Brest, D. Bridges, M.A. Bringer, M. Brini, G.C. Brito, B. Brodin, P.S. Brookes, E.J. Brown, K. Brown, H.E. Broxmeyer, A. Bruhat, P.C. Brum, J.H. Brumell, N. Brunetti-Pierri, R.J. Bryson-Richardson, S. Buch, A.M. Buchan, H. Budak, D.V. Bulavin, S.J. Bultman, G. Bultynck, V. Bumbasirevic, Y. Burelle, R.E. Burke, M. Burmeister, P. Butikofer, L. Caberlotto, K. Cadwell, M. Cahova, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Cai, S. Calatayud, N. Camougrand, M. Campanella, G.R. Campbell, M. Campbell, S. Campello, R. Candau, I. Caniggia, L. Cantoni, L. Cao, A.B. Caplan, M. Caraglia, C. Cardinali, S.M. Cardoso, J.S. Carew, L.A. Carleton, C.R. Carlin, S. Carloni, S.R. Carlsson, D. Carmona-Gutierrez, L.A. Carneiro, O. Carnevali, S. Carra, A. Carrier, B. Carroll, C. Casas, J. Casas, G. Cassinelli, P. Castets, S. Castro-Obregon, G. Cavallini, I. Ceccherini, F. Cecconi, A.I. Cederbaum, V. Cena, S. Cenci, C. Cerella, D. Cervia, S. Cetrullo, H. Chaachouay, H.J. Chae, A.S. Chagin, C.Y. Chai, G. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, E.Y. Chan, M.T. Chan, D. Chandra, P. Chandra, C.P. Chang, R.C. Chang, T.Y. Chang, J.C. Chatham, S. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, Y. Che, M.E. Cheetham, R. Cheluvappa, C.J. Chen, Chen, G. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S. Chen, W., Chen, W.J., Chen, W.Q., Chen, W. X. Chen, Y.H. Chen, Y.G. Chen, Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. A. Cheng, C.H. Cheng, H. Cheng, H. Cheong, S. Cherry, J. Chesney, C.H. Cheung, E. Chevet, H.C. Chi, S.G. Chi, F. Chiacchiera, H.L. Chiang, R. Chiarelli, M. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, L.S. Chin, M. Chiong, G.N. Chiu, D.H. Cho, S.G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.Y. Cho, Y.S. Cho, A.M. Choi, E.J. Choi, E.K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.I. Choi, T.F. Chou, S. Chouaib, D. Choubey, V. Choubey, K.C. Chow, K. Chowdhury, C.T. Chu, T.H. Chuang, T. Chun, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.L. Chung, Y.J. Chwae, V. Cianfanelli, R. Ciarcia, I.A. Ciechomska, M.R. Ciriolo, M. Cirone, S. Claerhout, M.J. Clague, J. Claria, P.G. Clarke, R. Clarke, E. Clementi, C. Cleyrat, M. Cnop, E.M. Coccia, T. Cocco, P. Codogno, J. Coers, E.E. Cohen, D. Colecchia, L. Coletto, N.S. Coll, E. Colucci-Guyon, S. Comincini, M. Condello, K.L. Cook, G.H. Coombs, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Cooper, I. Coppens, M.T. Corasaniti, M. Corazzari, R. Corbalan, E. Corcelle-Termeau, M.D. Cordero, C. Corral-Ramos, O. Corti, A. Cossarizza, P. Costelli, S. Costes, S.L. Cotman, A. Coto-Montes, S. Cottet, E. Couve, L.R. Covey, L.A. Cowart, J.S. Cox, F.P. Coxon, C.B. Coyne, M.S. Cragg, R.J. Craven, T. Crepaldi, J.L. Crespo, A. Criollo, V. Crippa, M.T. Cruz, A.M. Cuervo, J.M. Cuezva, T. Cui, P.R. Cutillas, M.J. Czaja, M.F. Czyzyk-Krzeska, R.K. Dagda, U. Dahmen, C. Dai, W. Dai, Y. Dai, K.N. Dalby, L. Dalla Valle, G. Dalmasso, M. D'Amelio, M. Damme, A. Darfeuille-Michaud, C. Dargemont, V.M. Darley-Usmar, S. Dasarathy, B. Dasgupta, S. Dash, C.R. Dass, H.M. Davey, L.M. Davids, D. Davila, R.J. Davis, T.M. Dawson, V.L. Dawson, P. Daza, J. de Belleroche, P. de Figueiredo, R.C. de Figueiredo, J. de la Fuente, L. De Martino, A. De Matteis, G.R. De Meyer, A. De Milito, M. De Santi, W. de Souza, V. De Tata, D. De Zio, J. Debnath, R. Dechant, J.P. Decuypere, S. Deegan, B. Dehay, B. Del Bello, D.P. Del Re, R. Delage-Mourroux, L.M. Delbridge, L. Deldicque, E. Delorme-Axford, Y. Deng, J. Dengjel, M. Denizot, P. Dent, C.J. Der, V. Deretic, B. Derrien, E. Deutsch, T.P. Devarenne, R.J. Devenish, S. Di Bartolomeo, N. Di Daniele, F. Di Domenico, A. Di Nardo, S. Di Paola, A. Di Pietro, L. Di Renzo, A. DiAntonio, G. Diaz-Araya, I. Diaz-Laviada, M.T. Diaz-Meco, J. Diaz-Nido, C.A. Dickey, R.C. Dickson, M. Diederich, P. Digard, I. Dikic, S.P. Dinesh-Kumar, C. Ding, W.X. Ding, Z. Ding, L. Dini, J.H. Distler, A. Diwan, M. Djavaheri-Mergny, K. Dmytruk, R.C. Dobson, V. Doetsch, K. Dokladny, S. Dokudovskaya, M. Donadelli, X.C. Dong, X. Dong, Z. Dong, T.M. Donohue, Jr., K.S. Doran, G. D'Orazi, G.W. Dorn, 2nd, V. Dosenko, S. Dridi, L. Drucker, J. Du, L.L. Du, L. Du, A. du Toit, P. Dua, L. Duan, P. Duann, V.K. Dubey, M.R. Duchen, M.A. Duchosal, H. Duez, I. Dugail, V.I. Dumit, M.C. Duncan, E.A. Dunlop, W.A. Dunn, Jr., N. Dupont, L. Dupuis, R.V. Duran, T.M. Durcan, S. Duvezin-Caubet, U. Duvvuri, V. Eapen, D. Ebrahimi-Fakhari, A. Echard, L. Eckhart, C.L. Edelstein, A.L. Edinger, L. Eichinger, T. Eisenberg, A. Eisenberg-Lerner, N.T. Eissa, W.S. El-Deiry, V. El-Khoury, Z. Elazar, H. Eldar-Finkelman, C.J. Elliott, E. Emanuele, U. Emmenegger, N. Engedal, A.M. Engelbrecht, S. Engelender, J.M. Enserink, R. Erdmann, J. Erenpreisa, R. Eri, J.L. Eriksen, A. Erman, R. Escalante, E.L. Eskelinen, L. Espert, L. Esteban-Martinez, T.J. Evans, M. Fabri, G. Fabrias, C. Fabrizi, A. Facchiano, N.J. Faergeman, A. Faggioni, W.D. Fairlie, C. Fan, D. Fan, J. Fan, S. Fang, M. Fanto, A. Fanzani, T. Farkas, M. Faure, F.B. Favier, H. Fearnhead, M. Federici, E. Fei, T.C. Felizardo, H. Feng, Feng, Y. T.A. Ferguson, A.F. Fernandez, M.G. Fernandez-Barrena, J.C. Fernandez-Checa, A. Fernandez-Lopez, M.E. Fernandez-Zapico, O. Feron, E. Ferraro, C.V. Ferreira-Halder, L. Fesus, R. Feuer, F.C. Fiesel, E.C. Filippi-Chiela, G. Filomeni, G.M. Fimia, J.H. Fingert, S. Finkbeiner, T. Finkel, F. Fiorito, P.B. Fisher, M. Flajolet, F. Flamigni, O. Florey, S. Florio, R.A. Floto, M. Folini, C. Follo, E.A. Fon, F. Fornai, F. Fortunato, A. Fraldi, R. Franco, A. Francois, A. Francois, L.B. Frankel, I.D. Fraser, N. Frey, D.G. Freyssenet, C. Frezza, S.L. Friedman, D.E. Frigo, D. Fu, J.M. Fuentes, J. Fueyo, Y. Fujitani, Y. Fujiwara, M. Fujiya, M. Fukuda, S. Fulda, C. Fusco, B. Gabryel, M. Gaestel, P. Gailly, M. Gajewska, S. Galadari, G. Galili, I. Galindo, M.F. Galindo, G. Galliciotti, L. Galluzzi, L. Galluzzi, V. Galy, N. Gammoh, S. Gandy, A.K. Ganesan, S. Ganesan, I.G. Ganley, M. Gannage, F.B. Gao, F. Gao, J.X. Gao, L. Garcia Nannig, E. Garcia Vescovi, M. Garcia-Macia, C. Garcia-Ruiz, A.D. Garg, P.K. Garg, R. Gargini, N.C. Gassen, D. Gatica, E. Gatti, J. Gavard, E. Gavathiotis, L. Ge, Ge, S. Ge, P. W. Gean, V. Gelmetti, A.A. Genazzani, J. Geng, P. Genschik, L. Gerner, J.E. Gestwicki, D.A. Gewirtz, S. Ghavami, E. Ghigo, D. Ghosh, A.M. Giammarioli, F. Giampieri, C. Giampietri, A. Giatromanolaki, D.J. Gibbings, L. Gibellini, S.B. Gibson, V. Ginet, A. Giordano, F. Giorgini, E. Giovannetti, S.E. Girardin, S. Gispert, S. Giuliano, C.L. Gladson, A. Glavic, M. Gleave, N. Godefroy, R.M. Gogal, Jr., K. Gokulan, G.H. Goldman, D. Goletti, M.S. Goligorsky, A.V. Gomes, L.C. Gomes, H. Gomez, C. Gomez-Manzano, R. Gomez-Sanchez, D.A. Goncalves, E. Goncu, Q. Gong, C. Gongora, C.B. Gonzalez, P. Gonzalez-Alegre, P. Gonzalez-Cabo, R.A. Gonzalez-Polo, I.S. Goping, C. Gorbea, N.V. Gorbunov, D.R. Goring, A.M. Gorman, S.M. Gorski, S. Goruppi, S. Goto-Yamada, C. Gotor, R.A. Gottlieb, I. Gozes, D. Gozuacik, Y. Graba, M. Graef, G.E. Granato, G.D. Grant, S. Grant, G.L. Gravina, D.R. Green, A. Greenhough, M.T. Greenwood, B. Grimaldi, F. Gros, C. Grose, J.F. Groulx, F. Gruber, P. Grumati, T. Grune, J.L. Guan, K.L. Guan, B. Guerra, C. Guillen, K. Gulshan, J. Gunst, C. Guo, L. Guo, M. Guo, W. Guo, X.G. Guo, A.A. Gust, A.B. Gustafsson, E. Gutierrez, M.G. Gutierrez, H.S. Gwak, A. Haas, J.E. Haber, S. Hadano, M. Hagedorn, D.R. Hahn, A.J. Halayko, A. Hamacher-Brady, K. Hamada, A. Hamai, A. Hamann, M. Hamasaki, I. Hamer, Q. Hamid, E.M. Hammond, F. Han, W. Han, J.T. Handa, J.A. Hanover, M. Hansen, M. Harada, L. Harhaji-Trajkovic, J.W. Harper, A.H. Harrath, A.L. Harris, J. Harris, U. Hasler, P. Hasselblatt, K. Hasui, R.G. Hawley, T.S. Hawley, C. He, C.Y. He, F. He, G. He, R.R. He, X.H. He, Y.W. He, Y.Y. He, J.K. Heath, M.J. Hebert, R.A. Heinzen, G.V. Helgason, M. Hensel, E.P. Henske, C. Her, P.K. Herman, A. Hernandez, C. Hernandez, S. Hernandez-Tiedra, C. Hetz, P.R. Hiesinger, K. Higaki, S. Hilfiker, B.G. Hill, J.A. Hill, W.D. Hill, K. Hino, D. Hofius, P. Hofman, G.U. Hoglinger, J. Hohfeld, M.K. Holz, Y. Hong, D.A. Hood, J.J. Hoozemans, T. Hoppe, C. Hsu, C.Y. Hsu, L.C. Hsu, D. Hu, G. Hu, H.M. Hu, H. Hu, M.C. Hu, Y.C. Hu, Z.W. Hu, F. Hua, Y. Hua, C. Huang, H.L. Huang, K.H. Huang, K.Y. Huang, Huang, S. Huang, W.P. Huang, Y.R. Y. Huang, Y. Huang, T.B. Huber, P. Huebbe, W.K. Huh, J.J. Hulmi, G.M. Hur, J.H. Hurley, Z. Husak, S.N. Hussain, S. Hussain, J.J. Hwang, S. Hwang, T.I. Hwang, A. Ichihara, Y. Imai, C. Imbriano, M. Inomata, T. Into, V. Iovane, J.L. Iovanna, R.V. Iozzo, N.Y. Ip, J.E. Irazoqui, P. Iribarren, Y. Isaka, A.J. Isakovic, H. Ischiropoulos, J.S. Isenberg, M. Ishaq, H. Ishida, I. Ishii, J.E. Ishmael, C. Isidoro, K. Isobe, E. Isono, S. Issazadeh-Navikas, K. Itahana, E. Itakura, A.I. Ivanov, A.K. Iyer, J.M. Izquierdo, Y. Izumi, V. Izzo, M. Jaattela, N. Jaber, D.J. Jackson, W.T. Jackson, T.G. Jacob, T.S. Jacques, C. Jagannath, A. Jain, N.R. Jana, B.K. Jang, A. Jani, B. Janji, P.R. Jannig, P.J. Jansson, S. Jean, M. Jendrach, J.H. Jeon, N. Jessen, E.B. Jeung, K. Jia, L. Jia, H. Jiang, H. Jiang, L. Jiang, T. Jiang, Jiang, X. Jiang, X. Jiang, Y. Jiang, Y. A. Jimenez, C. Jin, H. Jin, L. Jin, M. Jin, S. Jin, U.K. Jinwal, E.K. Jo, T. Johansen, D.E. Johnson, G.V. Johnson, J.D. Johnson, E. Jonasch, C. Jones, L.A. Joosten, J. Jordan, A.M. Joseph, B. Joseph, A.M. Joubert, D. Ju, J. Ju, H.F. Juan, K. Juenemann, G. Juhasz, H.S. Jung, J.U. Jung, Y.K. Jung, H. Jungbluth, M.J. Justice, B. Jutten, N.O. Kaakoush, K. Kaarniranta, A. Kaasik, T. Kabuta, B. Kaeffer, K. Kagedal, A. Kahana, S. Kajimura, O. Kakhlon, M. Kalia, D.V. Kalvakolanu, Y. Kamada, K. Kambas, V.O. Kaminskyy, H.H. Kampinga, M. Kandouz, C. Kang, R. Kang, T.C. Kang, T. Kanki, T.D. Kanneganti, H. Kanno, A.G. Kanthasamy, M. Kantorow, M. Kaparakis-Liaskos, O. Kapuy, V. Karantza, M.R. Karim, P. Karmakar, A. Kaser, S. Kaushik, T. Kawula, A.M. Kaynar, P.Y. Ke, Z.J. Ke, J.H. Kehrl, K.E. Keller, J.K. Kemper, A.K. Kenworthy, O. Kepp, A. Kern, S. Kesari, D. Kessel, R. Ketteler, C. Kettelhut Ido, B. Khambu, M.M. Khan, V.K. Khandelwal, S. Khare, J.G. Kiang, A.A. Kiger, A. Kihara, A.L. Kim, C.H. Kim, D.R. Kim, D.H. Kim, E.K. Kim, H.Y. Kim, H.R. Kim, J.S. Kim, Kim, J.C. Kim, J.H. Kim, K.W. Kim, M.D. Kim, M.M. Kim, P.K. Kim, S.W. Kim, S.Y. Kim, Y.S. Y. Kim, A. Kimchi, A.C. Kimmelman, T. Kimura, J.S. King, K. Kirkegaard, V. Kirkin, L.A. Kirshenbaum, S. Kishi, Y. Kitajima, K. Kitamoto, Y. Kitaoka, K. Kitazato, R.A. Kley, W.T. Klimecki, M. Klinkenberg, J. Klucken, H. Knaevelsrud, E. Knecht, L. Knuppertz, J.L. Ko, S. Kobayashi, J.C. Koch, C. Koechlin-Ramonatxo, U. Koenig, Y.H. Koh, K. Kohler, S.D. Kohlwein, M. Koike, M. Komatsu, E. Kominami, D. Kong, H.J. Kong, E.G. Konstantakou, B.T. Kopp, T. Korcsmaros, L. Korhonen, V.I. Korolchuk, N.V. Koshkina, Y. Kou, M.I. Koukourakis, C. Koumenis, A.L. Kovacs, T. Kovacs, W.J. Kovacs, D. Koya, C. Kraft, D. Krainc, H. Kramer, T. Kravic-Stevovic, W. Krek, C. Kretz-Remy, R. Krick, M. Krishnamurthy, J. Kriston-Vizi, G. Kroemer, M.C. Kruer, R. Kruger, N.T. Ktistakis, K. Kuchitsu, C. Kuhn, A.P. Kumar, Kumar, A. Kumar, D. Kumar, D. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. M. Kundu, H.J. Kung, A. Kuno, S.H. Kuo, J. Kuret, T. Kurz, T. Kwok, T.K. Kwon, Y.T. Kwon, I. Kyrmizi, A.R. La Spada, F. Lafont, T. Lahm, A. Lakkaraju, T. Lam, T. Lamark, S. Lancel, T.H. Landowski, D.J. Lane, J.D. Lane, C. Lanzi, P. Lapaquette, L.R. Lapierre, J. Laporte, J. Laukkarinen, G.W. Laurie, S. Lavandero, L. Lavie, M.J. LaVoie, B.Y. Law, H.K. Law, K.B. Law, R. Layfield, P.A. Lazo, L. Le Cam, K.G. Le Roch, H. Le Stunff, V. Leardkamolkarn, M. Lecuit, B.H. Lee, C.H. Lee, E.F. Lee, G.M. Lee, H.J. Lee, H. Lee, J.K. Lee, J. Lee, Lee, J.H., M. Lee, M.S. Lee, P.J. Lee, S.W. Lee, Lee, S.J. Lee, S.Y. Lee, S.H. Lee, S.S. Lee, S.J., S. Lee, Y.R. Lee, Y.J. Lee, Y.H. Lee, C. Leeuwenburgh, S. Lefort, R. Legouis, J. Lei, Q.Y. Lei, D.A. Leib, G. Leibowitz, I. Lekli, S.D. Lemaire, J.J. Lemasters, M.K. Lemberg, A. Lemoine, S. Leng, G. Lenz, P. Lenzi, L.O. Lerman, D. Lettieri Barbato, J.I. Leu, H.Y. Leung, B. Levine, P.A. Lewis, F. Lezoualc'h, C. Li, Li, F.J. Li, J. Li, K. Li, L. Li, M. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, R. Li, S. Li, W. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. J. Lian, C. Liang, Q. Liang, Y. Liao, J. Liberal, P.P. Liberski, P. Lie, A.P. Lieberman, H.J. Lim, K.L. Lim, K. Lim, R.T. Lima, C.S. Lin, C.F. Lin, F. Lin, F. Lin, F.C. Lin, Lin, K. Lin, P.H. Lin, T. Lin, W.W. Lin, Y.S. Lin, Y. R. Linden, D. Lindholm, L.M. Lindqvist, P. Lingor, A. Linkermann, L.A. Liotta, M.M. Lipinski, V.A. Lira, M.P. Lisanti, P.B. Liton, B. Liu, Liu, C.F. Liu, Liu, H.J., J. Liu, J.J. Liu, J.L. Liu, K. Liu, L. Liu, L. Liu, Q. Liu, R.Y. Liu, Liu, S. Liu, W. Liu, X.D. Liu, X. Liu, X.H. Liu, X. Liu, X. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Liu, Z. J.P. Liuzzi, G. Lizard, M. Ljujic, I.J. Lodhi, S.E. Logue, B.L. Lokeshwar, Y.C. Long, S. Lonial, B. Loos, C. Lopez-Otin, C. Lopez-Vicario, M. Lorente, P.L. Lorenzi, P. Lorincz, M. Los, M.T. Lotze, P.E. Lovat, B. Lu, B. Lu, J. Lu, Q. Lu, S.M. Lu, S. Lu, Y. Lu, F. Luciano, S. Luckhart, J.M. Lucocq, P. Ludovico, A. Lugea, N.W. Lukacs, J.J. Lum, A.H. Lund, H. Luo, J. Luo, S. Luo, C. Luparello, T. Lyons, J. Ma, Ma, Y. Ma, Z. J. Machado, G.M. Machado-Santelli, F. Macian, G.C. MacIntosh, J.P. MacKeigan, K.F. Macleod, J.D. MacMicking, L.A. MacMillan-Crow, F. Madeo, M. Madesh, J. Madrigal-Matute, A. Maeda, T. Maeda, G. Maegawa, E. Maellaro, H. Maes, M. Magarinos, K. Maiese, T.K. Maiti, L. Maiuri, M.C. Maiuri, C.G. Maki, R. Malli, W. Malorni, A. Maloyan, F. Mami-Chouaib, N. Man, J.D. Mancias, E.M. Mandelkow, M.A. Mandell, A.A. Manfredi, S.N. Manie, C. Manzoni, K. Mao, Mao, Z., P. Marambaud, A.M. Marconi, Z. Marelja, G. Marfe, M. Margeta, E. Margittai, M. Mari, F.V. Mariani, C. Marin, S. Marinelli, G. Marino, I. Markovic, R. Marquez, A.M. Martelli, S. Martens, K.R. Martin, S.J. Martin, S. Martin, M.A. Martin-Acebes, P. Martin-Sanz, C. Martinand-Mari, W. Martinet, J. Martinez, N. Martinez-Lopez, U. Martinez-Outschoorn, M. Martinez-Velazquez, M. Martinez-Vicente, W.K. Martins, H. Mashima, J.A. Mastrianni, G. Matarese, P. Matarrese, R. Mateo, S. Matoba, N. Matsumoto, T. Matsushita, A. Matsuura, T. Matsuzawa, M.P. Mattson, S. Matus, N. Maugeri, C. Mauvezin, A. Mayer, D. Maysinger, G.D. Mazzolini, M.K. McBrayer, K. McCall, C. McCormick, G.M. McInerney, S.C. McIver, S. McKenna, J.J. McMahon, I.A. McNeish, F. Mechta-Grigoriou, J.P. Medema, D.L. Medina, K. Megyeri, M. Mehrpour, J.L. Mehta, Y. Mei, U.C. Meier, A.J. Meijer, A. Melendez, G. Melino, S. Melino, E.J. de Melo, M.A. Mena, M.D. Meneghini, J.A. Menendez, R. Menezes, L. Meng, L.H. Meng, S. Meng, R. Menghini, A.S. Menko, R.F. Menna-Barreto, M.B. Menon, M.A. Meraz-Rios, G. Merla, L. Merlini, A.M. Merlot, A. Meryk, S. Meschini, J.N. Meyer, M.T. Mi, C.Y. Miao, L. Micale, S. Michaeli, C. Michiels, A.R. Migliaccio, A.S. Mihailidou, D. Mijaljica, K. Mikoshiba, E. Milan, L. Miller-Fleming, G.B. Mills, I.G. Mills, G. Minakaki, B.A. Minassian, X.F. Ming, F. Minibayeva, E.A. Minina, J.D. Mintern, S. Minucci, A. Miranda-Vizuete, C.H. Mitchell, S. Miyamoto, K. Miyazawa, N. Mizushima, K. Mnich, B. Mograbi, S. Mohseni, L.F. Moita, M. Molinari, M. Molinari, A.B. Moller, B. Mollereau, F. Mollinedo, M. Mongillo, M.M. Monick, S. Montagnaro, C. Montell, D.J. Moore, M.N. Moore, R. Mora-Rodriguez, P.I. Moreira, E. Morel, M.B. Morelli, S. Moreno, M.J. Morgan, A. Moris, Y. Moriyasu, J.L. Morrison, L.A. Morrison, E. Morselli, J. Moscat, P.L. Moseley, S. Mostowy, E. Motori, D. Mottet, J.C. Mottram, C.E. Moussa, V.E. Mpakou, H. Mukhtar, J.M. Mulcahy Levy, S. Muller, R. Munoz-Moreno, C. Munoz-Pinedo, C. Munz, M.E. Murphy, J.T. Murray, A. Murthy, I.U. Mysorekar, I.R. Nabi, M. Nabissi, G.A. Nader, Y. Nagahara, Y. Nagai, K. Nagata, A. Nagelkerke, P. Nagy, S.R. Naidu, S. Nair, H. Nakano, H. Nakatogawa, M. Nanjundan, G. Napolitano, N.I. Naqvi, R. Nardacci, D.P. Narendra, M. Narita, A.C. Nascimbeni, R. Natarajan, L.C. Navegantes, S.T. Nawrocki, T.Y. Nazarko, V.Y. Nazarko, T. Neill, L.M. Neri, M.G. Netea, R.T. Netea-Maier, B.M. Neves, P.A. Ney, I.P. Nezis, H.T. Nguyen, H.P. Nguyen, A.S. Nicot, H. Nilsen, P. Nilsson, M. Nishimura, I. Nishino, M. Niso-Santano, H. Niu, R.A. Nixon, V.C. Njar, T. Noda, A.A. Noegel, E.M. Nolte, E. Norberg, K.K. Norga, S.K. Noureini, S. Notomi, L. Notterpek, K. Nowikovsky, N. Nukina, T. Nurnberger, V.B. O'Donnell, T. O'Donovan, P.J. O'Dwyer, I. Oehme, C.L. Oeste, M. Ogawa, B. Ogretmen, Y. Ogura, Y.J. Oh, M. Ohmuraya, T. Ohshima, R. Ojha, K. Okamoto, T. Okazaki, F.J. Oliver, K. Ollinger, S. Olsson, D.P. Orban, P. Ordonez, I. Orhon, L. Orosz, E.J. O'Rourke, H. Orozco, A.L. Ortega, E. Ortona, L.D. Osellame, J. Oshima, S. Oshima, H.D. Osiewacz, T. Otomo, K. Otsu, J.H. Ou, T.F. Outeiro, D.Y. Ouyang, H. Ouyang, M. Overholtzer, M.A. Ozbun, P.H. Ozdinler, B. Ozpolat, C. Pacelli, P. Paganetti, G. Page, G. Pages, U. Pagnini, B. Pajak, S.C. Pak, K. Pakos-Zebrucka, N. Pakpour, Z. Palkova, F. Palladino, K. Pallauf, N. Pallet, M. Palmieri, S.R. Paludan, C. Palumbo, S. Palumbo, O. Pampliega, H. Pan, W. Pan, T. Panaretakis, A. Pandey, A. Pantazopoulou, Z. Papackova, D.L. Papademetrio, I. Papassideri, A. Papini, N. Parajuli, J. Pardo, V.V. Parekh, G. Parenti, J.I. Park, J. Park, O.K. Park, R. Parker, R. Parlato, J.B. Parys, K.R. Parzych, J.M. Pasquet, B. Pasquier, K.B. Pasumarthi, D. Patschan, C. Patterson, S. Pattingre, S. Pattison, A. Pause, H. Pavenstadt, F. Pavone, Z. Pedrozo, F.J. Pena, M.A. Penalva, M. Pende, J. Peng, F. Penna, J.M. Penninger, A. Pensalfini, S. Pepe, G.J. Pereira, P.C. Pereira, V. Perez-de la Cruz, M.E. Perez-Perez, D. Perez-Rodriguez, D. Perez-Sala, C. Perier, A. Perl, D.H. Perlmutter, I. Perrotta, S. Pervaiz, M. Pesonen, J.E. Pessin, G.J. Peters, M. Petersen, I. Petrache, B.J. Petrof, G. Petrovski, J.M. Phang, M. Piacentini, M. Pierdominici, P. Pierre, V. Pierrefite-Carle, F. Pietrocola, F.X. Pimentel-Muinos, M. Pinar, B. Pineda, R. Pinkas-Kramarski, M. Pinti, P. Pinton, B. Piperdi, J.M. Piret, L.C. Platanias, H.W. Platta, E.D. Plowey, S. Poggeler, M. Poirot, P. Polcic, A. Poletti, A.H. Poon, H. Popelka, B. Popova, I. Poprawa, S.M. Poulose, J. Poulton, S.K. Powers, T. Powers, M. Pozuelo-Rubio, K. Prak, R. Prange, M. Prescott, M. Priault, S. Prince, R.L. Proia, T. Proikas-Cezanne, H. Prokisch, V.J. Promponas, K. Przyklenk, R. Puertollano, S. Pugazhenthi, L. Puglielli, A. Pujol, J. Puyal, D. Pyeon, X. Qi, W.B. Qian, Z.H. Qin, Y. Qiu, Z. Qu, J. Quadrilatero, F. Quinn, N. Raben, H. Rabinowich, F. Radogna, M.J. Ragusa, M. Rahmani, K. Raina, S. Ramanadham, R. Ramesh, A. Rami, S. Randall-Demllo, F. Randow, H. Rao, V.A. Rao, B.B. Rasmussen, T.M. Rasse, E.A. Ratovitski, P.E. Rautou, S.K. Ray, B. Razani, B.H. Reed, F. Reggiori, M. Rehm, A.S. Reichert, T. Rein, D.J. Reiner, E. Reits, J. Ren, X. Ren, M. Renna, J.E. Reusch, J.L. Revuelta, L. Reyes, A.R. Rezaie, R.I. Richards, D.R. Richardson, C. Richetta, M.A. Riehle, B.H. Rihn, Y. Rikihisa, B.E. Riley, G. Rimbach, M.R. Rippo, K. Ritis, F. Rizzi, E. Rizzo, P.J. Roach, J. Robbins, M. Roberge, G. Roca, M.C. Roccheri, S. Rocha, C.M. Rodrigues, C.I. Rodriguez, S.R. de Cordoba, N. Rodriguez-Muela, J. Roelofs, V.V. Rogov, T.T. Rohn, B. Rohrer, D. Romanelli, L. Romani, P.S. Romano, M.I. Roncero, J.L. Rosa, A. Rosello, K.V. Rosen, P. Rosenstiel, M. Rost-Roszkowska, K.A. Roth, G. Roue, M. Rouis, K.M. Rouschop, D.T. Ruan, D. Ruano, D.C. Rubinsztein, E.B. Rucker, 3rd, A. Rudich, E. Rudolf, R. Rudolf, M.A. Ruegg, C. Ruiz-Roldan, A.A. Ruparelia, P. Rusmini, D.W. Russ, G.L. Russo, G. Russo, R. Russo, T.E. Rusten, V. Ryabovol, K.M. Ryan, S.W. Ryter, D.M. Sabatini, M. Sacher, C. Sachse, M.N. Sack, J. Sadoshima, P. Saftig, R. Sagi-Eisenberg, S. Sahni, P. Saikumar, T. Saito, T. Saitoh, K. Sakakura, M. Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Y. Sakuraba, M. Salazar-Roa, P. Salomoni, A.K. Saluja, P.M. Salvaterra, R. Salvioli, A. Samali, A.M. Sanchez, J.A. Sanchez-Alcazar, R. Sanchez-Prieto, M. Sandri, M.A. Sanjuan, S. Santaguida, L. Santambrogio, G. Santoni, C.N. Dos Santos, S. Saran, M. Sardiello, G. Sargent, P. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, M.R. Sarrias, M.M. Sarwal, C. Sasakawa, M. Sasaki, M. Sass, K. Sato, M. Sato, J. Satriano, N. Savaraj, S. Saveljeva, L. Schaefer, U.E. Schaible, M. Scharl, H.M. Schatzl, R. Schekman, W. Scheper, A. Schiavi, H.M. Schipper, H. Schmeisser, J. Schmidt, I. Schmitz, B.E. Schneider, E.M. Schneider, J.L. Schneider, E.A. Schon, M.J. Schonenberger, A.H. Schonthal, D.F. Schorderet, B. Schroder, S. Schuck, R.J. Schulze, M. Schwarten, T.L. Schwarz, S. Sciarretta, K. Scotto, A.I. Scovassi, R.A. Screaton, M. Screen, H. Seca, S. Sedej, L. Segatori, N. Segev, P.O. Seglen, J.M. Segui-Simarro, J. Segura-Aguilar, E. Seki, C. Sell, I. Seiliez, C.F. Semenkovich, G.L. Semenza, U. Sen, A.L. Serra, A. Serrano-Puebla, H. Sesaki, T. Setoguchi, C. Settembre, J.J. Shacka, A.N. Shajahan-Haq, I.M. Shapiro, S. Sharma, H. She, C.K. Shen, C.C. Shen, H.M. Shen, S. Shen, W. Shen, R. Sheng, X. Sheng, Z.H. Sheng, T.G. Shepherd, J. Shi, Shi, Q. Shi, Y. S. Shibutani, K. Shibuya, Y. Shidoji, J.J. Shieh, C.M. Shih, Y. Shimada, S. Shimizu, D.W. Shin, M.L. Shinohara, M. Shintani, Shintani, T. K. Shirabe, R. Shiri-Sverdlov, O. Shirihai, G.C. Shore, C.W. Shu, D. Shukla, A.A. Sibirny, V. Sica, C.J. Sigurdson, E.M. Sigurdsson, P.S. Sijwali, B. Sikorska, W.A. Silveira, S. Silvente-Poirot, G.A. Silverman, J. Simak, T. Simmet, A.K. Simon, H.U. Simon, C. Simone, M. Simons, A. Simonsen, R. Singh, S.V. Singh, S.K. Singh, D. Sinha, S. Sinha, F.A. Sinicrope, A. Sirko, K. Sirohi, B.J. Sishi, A. Sittler, P.M. Siu, E. Sivridis, A. Skwarska, R. Slack, I. Slaninova, N. Slavov, S.S. Smaili, K.S. Smalley, D.R. Smith, S.J. Soenen, S.A. Soleimanpour, A. Solhaug, K. Somasundaram, J.H. Son, A. Sonawane, C. Song, F. Song, H.K. Song, J.X. Song, W. Song, K.Y. Soo, A.K. Sood, T.W. Soong, V. Soontornniyomkij, M. Sorice, F. Sotgia, D.R. Soto-Pantoja, A. Sotthibundhu, M.J. Sousa, H.P. Spaink, P.N. Span, A. Spang, J.D. Sparks, P.G. Speck, S.A. Spector, C.D. Spies, W. Springer, D.S. Clair, A. Stacchiotti, B. Staels, M.T. Stang, D.T. Starczynowski, P. Starokadomskyy, C. Steegborn, J.W. Steele, L. Stefanis, J. Steffan, C.M. Stellrecht, H. Stenmark, T.M. Stepkowski, S.T. Stern, C. Stevens, B.R. Stockwell, V. Stoka, Z. Storchova, B. Stork, V. Stratoulias, D.J. Stravopodis, P. Strnad, A.M. Strohecker, A.L. Strom, P. Stromhaug, J. Stulik, Y.X. Su, Z. Su, C.S. Subauste, S. Subramaniam, C.M. Sue, S.W. Suh, X. Sui, S. Sukseree, D. Sulzer, F.L. Sun, Sun, J. Sun, S.Y. Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, V. Sundaramoorthy, J. Sung, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Suzuki, M.S. Swanson, C. Swanton, K. Sward, G. Swarup, S.T. Sweeney, P.W. Sylvester, Z. Szatmari, E. Szegezdi, P.W. Szlosarek, H. Taegtmeyer, M. Tafani, E. Taillebourg, S.W. Tait, K. Takacs-Vellai, Y. Takahashi, S. Takats, G. Takemura, N. Takigawa, N.J. Talbot, E. Tamagno, J. Tamburini, C.P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.J. Tan, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tang, I. Tanida, K. Tanji, B.A. Tannous, J.A. Tapia, I. Tasset-Cuevas, M. Tatar, I. Tavassoly, N. Tavernarakis, A. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Taylor, M.J. Taylor, E.V. Tchetina, A.R. Tee, F. Teixeira-Clerc, S. Telang, T. Tencomnao, B.B. Teng, R.J. Teng, F. Terro, G. Tettamanti, A.L. Theiss, A.E. Theron, K.J. Thomas, M.P. Thome, P.G. Thomes, A. Thorburn, J. Thorner, T. Thum, M. Thumm, T.L. Thurston, L. Tian, A. Till, J.P. Ting, V.I. Titorenko, L. Toker, S. Toldo, S.A. Tooze, I. Topisirovic, M.L. Torgersen, L. Torosantucci, A. Torriglia, M.R. Torrisi, C. Tournier, R. Towns, V. Trajkovic, L.H. Travassos, G. Triola, D.N. Tripathi, D. Trisciuoglio, R. Troncoso, I.P. Trougakos, A.C. Truttmann, K.J. Tsai, M.P. Tschan, Y.H. Tseng, T. Tsukuba, A. Tsung, A.S. Tsvetkov, S. Tu, H.Y. Tuan, M. Tucci, D.A. Tumbarello, B. Turk, V. Turk, R.F. Turner, A.A. Tveita, S.C. Tyagi, M. Ubukata, Y. Uchiyama, A. Udelnow, T. Ueno, M. Umekawa, R. Umemiya-Shirafuji, B.R. Underwood, C. Ungermann, R.P. Ureshino, R. Ushioda, V.N. Uversky, N.L. Uzcategui, T. Vaccari, M.I. Vaccaro, L. Vachova, H. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, R. Valdor, E.M. Valente, F. Vallette, A.M. Valverde, G. Van den Berghe, L. Van Den Bosch, G.R. van den Brink, F.G. van der Goot, I.J. van der Klei, L.J. van der Laan, W.G. van Doorn, M. van Egmond, K.L. van Golen, L. Van Kaer, M. van Lookeren Campagne, P. Vandenabeele, W. Vandenberghe, I. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, M.H. Vasconcelos, R. Vasko, D.G. Vavvas, I. Vega-Naredo, G. Velasco, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Velentzas, T. Vellai, E. Vellenga, M.H. Vendelbo, K. Venkatachalam, N. Ventura, S. Ventura, P.S. Veras, M. Verdier, B.G. Vertessy, A. Viale, M. Vidal, H.L. Vieira, R.D. Vierstra, N. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, M. Vila, M. Villar, V.H. Villar, J. Villarroya, C. Vindis, G. Viola, M.T. Viscomi, G. Vitale, D.T. Vogl, O.V. Voitsekhovskaja, C. von Haefen, K. von Schwarzenberg, D.E. Voth, V. Vouret-Craviari, K. Vuori, J.M. Vyas, C. Waeber, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walker, J. Walter, L. Wan, X. Wan, B. Wang, Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H.J. Wang, H. Wang, H.G. Wang, H. Wang, H.D. Wang, J., Wang, J. Wang, M. Wang, M.Q. Wang, P.Y. Wang, P. Wang, R.C. Wang, S. Wang, T.F. Wang, X. Wang, X.J. Wang, X.W. Wang, Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.T. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.N. Wang, P. Wappner, C. Ward, D.M. Ward, G. Warnes, H. Watada, Y. Watanabe, K. Watase, T.E. Weaver, C.D. Weekes, J. Wei, T. Weide, C.C. Weihl, G. Weindl, S.N. Weis, L. Wen, X. Wen, Y. Wen, B. Westermann, C.M. Weyand, A.R. White, E. White, J.L. Whitton, A.J. Whitworth, J. Wiels, F. Wild, M.E. Wildenberg, T. Wileman, D.S. Wilkinson, S. Wilkinson, D. Willbold, C. Williams, K. Williams, P.R. Williamson, K.F. Winklhofer, S.S. Witkin, S.E. Wohlgemuth, T. Wollert, E.J. Wolvetang, E. Wong, G.W. Wong, R.W. Wong, V.K. Wong, E.A. Woodcock, K.L. Wright, C. Wu, D. Wu, G.S. Wu, Wu, J. Wu, M. Wu, M. S. Wu, W.K. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, C.P. Xavier, R.J. Xavier, G.X. Xia, T. Xia, W. Xia, Y. Xia, H. Xiao, J. Xiao, S. Xiao, W. Xiao, C.M. Xie, Xie, Z. Xie, Z., M. Xilouri, Y. Xiong, C. Xu, C. Xu, F. Xu, Xu, H. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Xu, Y. Xu, Y. Xu, Z.X. Xu, Z. Y. Xue, T. Yamada, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamanaka, S. Yamashina, S. Yamashiro, B. Yan, B. Yan, X. Yan, Z. Yan, Y. Yanagi, D.S. Yang, J.M. Yang, L. Yang, M. Yang, P.M. Yang, P. Yang, Q. Yang, Yang, W. Yang, X. Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang, Z. M.C. Yao, P.J. Yao, X. Yao, Yao, Z., Yao, Z., L.S. Yasui, M. Ye, B. Yedvobnick, B. Yeganeh, E.S. Yeh, P.L. Yeyati, F. Yi, L. Yi, X.M. Yin, C.K. Yip, Y.M. Yoo, Y.H. Yoo, S.Y. Yoon, K. Yoshida, T. Yoshimori, K.H. Young, H. Yu, J.J. Yu, J.T. Yu, Yu, L. Yu, W.H. Yu, X.F. Yu, Z. Yu, J. Yuan, Z.M., B.Y. Yuan, J. Yue, Z. Yue, D.N. Zacks, E. Zacksenhaus, N. Zaffaroni, T. Zaglia, Z. Zakeri, V. Zecchini, J. Zeng, M. Zeng, Q. Zeng, A.S. Zervos, D.D. Zhang, F. Zhang, Zhang, G. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhao, W.L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. D. Zheng, X.L. Zheng, X. Zheng, B. Zhivotovsky, Q. Zhong, G.Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, Zhou, S.F. Zhou, X.J. Zhou, H. H. Zhu, W.G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.F. Zhu, Y. Zhu, S.M. Zhuang, X. Zhuang, E. Ziparo, C.E. Zois, T. Zoladek, W.X. Zong, A. Zorzano, S.M. Zughaier, Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition), Autophagy, 12 (2016) 1–222. Eliopoulos, 2016, DNA damage response and autophagy: a meaningful partnership, Front. Genet., 7, 204, 10.3389/fgene.2016.00204 Arango, 2012, Apigenin induces DNA damage through the PKCdelta-dependent activation of ATM and H2AX causing down-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle control and DNA repair, Biochem. Pharmacol., 84, 1571, 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.09.005 Zhang, 2015, Apigenin induces autophagic cell death in human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells, Food Funct., 6, 3464, 10.1039/C5FO00671F Park, 2018, Apigenin induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and ER stress in human endometriosis cells, J. Cell. Physiol., 233, 3055, 10.1002/jcp.26054 Zhong, 2015, Polypeptide from Chlamys farreri suppresses ultraviolet-B irradiation-induced apoptosis through restoring ER redox homeostasis, scavenging ROS generation, and suppressing the PERK-eIF2a-CHOP pathway in HaCaT cells, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 151, 10, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.016 Xiang, 2017, RNA m(6)a methylation regulates the ultraviolet-induced DNA damage response, Nature, 543, 573, 10.1038/nature21671 Moore, 1975, A human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, Cancer Res., 35, 2684 Tu, 2017, Angiogenic effects of apigenin on endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation via the caveolin-1 pathway, Int. J. Mol. Med., 40, 1639 Subhasitanont, 2017, Apigenin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells, Oncol. Lett., 14, 4361, 10.3892/ol.2017.6705 Tanida, 2005, Lysosomal turnover, but not a cellular level, of endogenous LC3 is a marker for autophagy, Autophagy, 1, 84, 10.4161/auto.1.2.1697 Tanida, 2008, LC3 and autophagy, Methods Mol. Biol., 445, 77, 10.1007/978-1-59745-157-4_4 Tsai, 2017, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses human herpesvirus 8 replication and induces ROS leading to apoptosis and autophagy in primary effusion lymphoma cells, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19, 10.3390/ijms19010016 Zirkin, 2013, The PIM-2 kinase is an essential component of the ultraviolet damage response that acts upstream to E2F-1 and ATM, J. Biol. Chem., 288, 21770, 10.1074/jbc.M113.458851 Heffernan, 2009, ATR-Chk1 pathway inhibition promotes apoptosis after UV treatment in primary human keratinocytes: potential basis for the UV protective effects of caffeine, J. Investig. Dermatol., 129, 1805, 10.1038/jid.2008.435 Li, 2018, Is Ras a potential target in treatment against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?, J. Cancer, 9, 3373, 10.7150/jca.25083 Maeda, 2002, Role of p21(Waf-1) in regulating the G1 and G2/M checkpoints in ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes, J. Investig. Dermatol., 119, 513, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01828.x Li, 2005, Chloramphenicol-induced mitochondrial stress increases p21 expression and prevents cell apoptosis through a p21-dependent pathway, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 26193, 10.1074/jbc.M501371200 Britto, 2017, Apigenin prevents ultraviolet-B radiation induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formation in human dermal fibroblasts, Mutat. Res., 821, 28, 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.06.002 Tong, 2012, Apigenin, a chemopreventive bioflavonoid, induces AMP-activated protein kinase activation in human keratinocytes, Mol. Carcinog., 51, 268, 10.1002/mc.20793 Lee, 2014, Apigenin-induced apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy formation in HCT116 human colon cancer cells, Int. J. Oncol., 44, 1599, 10.3892/ijo.2014.2339 Lipton, 2002, Dueling activities of AIF in cell death versus survival: DNA binding and redox activity, Cell, 111, 147, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01046-2 Kim, 2017, The p53/p21 complex regulates Cancer cell invasion and apoptosis by targeting Bcl-2 family proteins, Cancer Res., 77, 3092, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2098 Lei, 2010, UVB-induced p21 degradation promotes apoptosis of human keratinocytes, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 9, 1640, 10.1039/c0pp00244e Zhong, 2010, Molecular targets of apigenin in colorectal cancer cells: involvement of p21, NAG-1 and p53, Eur. J. Cancer, 46, 3365, 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.007 Cybulsky, 2017, Endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response and autophagy in kidney diseases, Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 13, 681, 10.1038/nrneph.2017.129 Xu, 2011, Synergistic effects of apigenin and paclitaxel on apoptosis of cancer cells, PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0029169 Wang, 2017, Apigenin induces both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells, Oncol. Rep., 37, 1132, 10.3892/or.2016.5303 Heath-Engel, 2008, The endoplasmic reticulum in apoptosis and autophagy: role of the BCL-2 protein family, Oncogene, 27, 6419, 10.1038/onc.2008.309 Wei, 2008, Dual role of JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 in autophagy and apoptosis regulation, Autophagy, 4, 949, 10.4161/auto.6788 Slominski, 2018, Melatonin: a cutaneous perspective on its production, metabolism, and functions, J. Investig. Dermatol., 138, 490, 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.025