Ants have a negative rather than a positive effect on extrafloral nectaried Crotalaria pallida performance

Almeida, 1986, Biologia floral e mecanismo de reprodução em Crotalaria mucronata, Desv. Rev. Ceres, 33, 529 Cogni, 2010, Resistance to plant invasion? A native specialist herbivore shows preference for and higher fitness on an introduced host, Biotropica, 42, 188, 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00570.x Conner, 2009, Utetheisa ornatrix, the ornate arctiid, 1 Da Costa, 2010, Phylogeny of Utetheisa s. str. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctinae) with comments on the evolution of colour, hind wing scales and origin of New World species, Invert. Syst., 24, 113, 10.1071/IS08006 Cuautle, 2003, The effect of wasps and ants on the reproductive success of the extrafloral nectaried plant Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae), Func. Ecol., 17, 417, 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00732.x Davidson, 2003, Canopies explaining the abundance of ants in lowland tropical rainforest, Science, 300, 969, 10.1126/science.1082074 Del-Claro, 1996, Herbivore deterrence by visiting ants increases fruit-set in an extrafloral nectary plant Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae) in cerrado vegetation, J. Trop. Ecol., 12, 887, 10.1017/S0266467400010142 Díaz-Castelazo, 2005, Morphological and secretory characterization of extrafloral nectaries in plants of Coastal Veracruz, México, Ann. Bot., 96, 1175, 10.1093/aob/mci270 Ferro, 2001 Ferro, 2006, Why do larvae of Utetheisa ornatrix penetrate and feed in pods of Crotalaria species? Larval performance vs. chemical and physical constraints, Entomol. Exp. Appl., 121, 23, 10.1111/j.1570-8703.2006.00450.x Guimarães, 2006, Extrafloral nectaries as a deterrent mechanism against seed predators in the chemically defended weed Crotalaria pallida (Leguminosae), Austral Ecol., 31, 776, 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01639.x Howard, 2005, Shifting foraging strategies in colonies of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 57, 481, 10.1007/s00265-004-0871-9 Koptur, 1985, Alternative defenses against herbivores in Inga (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) over an elevation gradient, Ecology, 66, 1639, 10.2307/1938026 Lorenzi, 2000 Lundgren, 2009, Relationships of Natural Enemies and Non-prey Foods, vol. 7 Mathews, 2011, Interactions between extrafloral nectaries, ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and other natural enemies affect biological control of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on peach (Rosales: Rosaceae), Environ. Entomol., 40, 42, 10.1603/EN10161 Melo, 2010, Anatomy of extrafloral nectaries in Fabaceae from dry-seasonal forest in Brazil, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 163, 87, 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01047.x Mody, 2004, Plant-attracted ants affect arthropod community structure but not necessarily herbivory, Ecol. Entomol., 29, 217, 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2004.0588.x Nogueira, 2012, Do extrafloral nectarines present a defensive role against herbivores in two species of the family Bignoniaceae in a Neotropical savannas?, Plant Ecol., 213, 289, 10.1007/s11258-011-9974-3 O’Dowd, 1983, Ants and extrafloral nectaries: no evidence for plant protection in Helichrysum spp.–ant interactions, Oecologia, 59, 191, 10.1007/BF00378837 Pemberton, 1993, Observations of extrafloral nectar feeding by predaceous and fungivorous mites, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash, 95, 642 Pemberton, 1996, The influence of extra-floral nectaries on parasitism of an insect herbivore, Am. J. Bot., 83, 1187, 10.2307/2446203 Polhill, 1982 Prezoto, 2005, Survey of preys captured and used by Polybia platycephala (Richards) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Epiponini), Neotrop. Entomol., 34, 849, 10.1590/S1519-566X2005000500019 Raveret-Richter, 2000, Social wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) foraging behavior, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 45, 121, 10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.121 Rico-Gray, 2007 Romero, 2011, Contrasting cascade effects of carnivores on plant fitness: a meta-analysis, J. Anim. Ecol., 80, 696, 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01808.x Rosenheim, 1995, Intraguild predation among biological-control agents: theory and evidence, Biol. Control., 5, 303, 10.1006/bcon.1995.1038 Stamp, 1988, Direct and indirect effects of predatory wasps (Polistes sp.: Vespidae) on gregarious caterpillars (Hemileuca lucina: Saturniidae), Oecologia, 75, 619, 10.1007/BF00776428 Thompson, 2005 Trigo, 2011, Effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids through different trophic levels, Phytochem. Rev., 10, 83, 10.1007/s11101-010-9191-z Wäckers, 2005, Suitability of (extra-)floral nectar, pollen, and honeydew as insect food sources, 17 Zar, 1999