Antiviral effect of an essential oil combination derived from three aromatic plants (Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb. f., Origanum dictamnus L. and Salvia fruticosa Mill.) against viruses causing infections of the upper respiratory tract

Ali-Shtayeh, 2000, Ethnobotanical survey in the Palestinian area: a classification of the healing potential of medicinal plants, J. Ethnopharmacol., 73, 221, 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00316-0 Alzweiri, 2011, Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Northern Badia region, J. Ethnopharmacol., 137, 27, 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.007 Anastasaki, 2017, Post-market outcome of an extract of traditional Cretan herbs on upper respiratory tract infections: a pragmatic, prospective observational study, BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17, 466, 10.1186/s12906-017-1978-7 Bouvier, 2008, The biology of influenza viruses, Vaccine, 26, D49, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.039 Cagno, 2015, Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro, J. Ethnopharmacol., 176, 252, 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.042 Dafni, 1984, Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in northern Israel, J. Ethnopharmacol., 10, 295, 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90017-5 de Sousa, 2012, Synergies of carvacrol and 1,8-cineole to inhibit bacteria associated with minimally processed vegetables, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 154, 145, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.026 Dhama, 2018, Medicinal and therapeutic potential of herbs and plant metabolites / extracts countering viral pathogens - current knowledge and future prospects, Curr. Drug Metab., 10.2174/1389200219666180129145252 Ding, 2014, Antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus in cell culture and in mice and its inhibition of neuraminidase, Arch. Virol., 159, 3269, 10.1007/s00705-014-2192-2 Duijker, 2015, Reporting effectiveness of an extract of three traditional Cretan herbs on upper respiratory tract infection: results from a double-blind randomized controlled trial, J. Ethnopharmacol., 163, 157, 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.030 Echavarria, 2008, Adenoviruses in immunocompromised hosts, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 21, 704, 10.1128/CMR.00052-07 Eisfeld, 2015, At the centre: influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 13, 28, 10.1038/nrmicro3367 Elspeth, 2004, Controlling influenza by inhibiting the viruss neuraminidase, Curr. Drug Targets, 5, 119, 10.2174/1389450043490604 Enkhtaivan, 2015, Anti-influenza (H1N1) potential of leaf and stem bark extracts of selected medicinal plants of South India, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 22, 532, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.01.011 Fernandez-Larsson, 1990, Ribavirin is an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase, Mol. Pharmacol., 38, 766 Fischer, 2013, Efficacy of cineole in patients suffering from acute bronchitis: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial, Cough, 9, 25, 10.1186/1745-9974-9-25 Glatthaar-Saalmuller, 2015, Antiviral activity of an aqueous extract derived from Aloe arborescens Mill. against a broad panel of viruses causing infections of the upper respiratory tract, Phytomedicine, 22, 911, 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.06.006 Glatthaar-Saalmuller, 2011, Antiviral activity in vitro of two preparations of the herbal medicinal product SinupretB® against viruses causing respiratory infections, Phytomedicine, 19, 1, 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.010 Glatthaar-Saalmuller, 2001, Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Antivir. Res., 50, 223, 10.1016/S0166-3542(01)00143-7 Grienke, 2010, Antiviral potential and molecular insight into neuraminidase inhibiting diarylheptanoids from Alpinia katsumadai, J. Med. Chem., 53, 778, 10.1021/jm901440f Grienke, 2012, Influenza neuraminidase: a druggable target for natural products, Nat. Prod. Rep., 29, 11, 10.1039/C1NP00053E Hayden, 2009, Developing new antiviral agents for influenza treatment: what does the future hold?, Clin. Infect. Dis., 48, S3, 10.1086/591851 Honda, 1996, Traditional medicine in Turkey. VI. Folk medicine in west Anatolia: Afyon, Kutahya, Denizli, Mugla, Aydin provinces, J. Ethnopharmacol., 53, 75 Hudaib, 2008, Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Jordan, Mujib Nature Reserve and surrounding area, J. Ethnopharmacol., 120, 63, 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.031 Ison, 2011, Antivirals and resistance: influenza virus, Curr. Opin. Virol., 1, 563, 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.09.002 Jacobs, 2013, Human rhinoviruses, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 26, 135, 10.1128/CMR.00077-12 Jartti, 2011, New respiratory viruses and the elderly, Open Respir. Med. J., 5, 61, 10.2174/1874306401105010061 Jassim, 2003, Novel antiviral agents: a medicinal plant perspective, J. Appl. Microbiol., 95, 412, 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02026.x Jefferson, 2014, Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children, Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. Juergens, 2003, Anti-inflammatory activity of 1.8-cineol (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Respir. Med., 97, 250, 10.1053/rmed.2003.1432 Kao, 2010, Identification of influenza A nucleoprotein as an antiviral target, Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 600, 10.1038/nbt.1638 Karousou, 2011, The herbal market of Cyprus: traditional links and cultural exchanges, J. Ethnopharmacol., 133, 191, 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.034 Kiyohara, 2011, In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of a cardiotonic glycoside from Adenium obesum (Forssk.), Phytomedicine, 19, 111, 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.07.004 Lardos, 2006, The botanical materia medica of the Iatrosophikon--a collection of prescriptions from a monastery in Cyprus, J. Ethnopharmacol., 104, 387, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.12.035 Lardos, 2013, Continuity and change in medicinal plant use: the example of monasteries on Cyprus and historical iatrosophia texts, J. Ethnopharmacol., 150, 202, 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.026 Li, 2006, Antiviral flavans from the leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia, J. Nat. Prod., 69, 833, 10.1021/np050498o Lionis, 1998, Antioxidant effects of herbs in Crete, Lancet, 352, 1987, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61333-5 Lionis, 2004 Luo, 1999, An analysis of the role of neuraminidase in the receptor-binding activity of influenza B virus: the inhibitory effect of Zanamivir on haemadsorption, J. Gen. Virol., 80, 2969, 10.1099/0022-1317-80-11-2969 Manach, 2005, Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81, 230S, 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S Masui, 2017, Maoto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, inhibits uncoating of influenza virus, J. Evid. Complementary Altern. Med., 2017 McCaughey, 2010, Influenza: a virus of our times, Ulster Med. J., 79, 46 Michaelis, 2011, Investigation of the influence of EPsB® 7630, a herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides, on replication of a broad panel of respiratory viruses, Phytomedicine, 18, 384, 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.09.008 Oyuntsetseg, 2014, Evaluation of direct antiviral activity of the Deva-5 herb formulation and extracts of five Asian plants against influenza A virus H3N8, BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 14, 235, 10.1186/1472-6882-14-235 Pires de Mello, 2018, Oseltamivir-zanamivir combination therapy suppresses drug-resistant H1N1 influenza A viruses in the hollow fiber infection model (HFIM) system, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 111, 443, 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.027 Pleschka, 2009, Anti-viral properties and mode of action of standardized Echinacea purpurea extract against highly pathogenic avian Influenza virus (H5N1, H7N7) and swine-origin H1N1 (S-OIV), Virol. J., 6, 10.1186/1743-422X-6-197 Sargin, 2015, Ethnomedicinal plants of Sarigol district (Manisa), Turkey, J. Ethnopharmacol., 171, 64, 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.031 Scalbert, 2002, Absorption and metabolism of polyphenols in the gut and impact on health, Biomed. Pharmacother., 56, 276, 10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00205-6 Thulasi Raman, 2016, DDX3 interacts with influenza a virus NS1 and NP proteins and exerts antiviral function through regulation of stress granule formation, J. Virol., 90, 3661, 10.1128/JVI.03010-15 Tran, 2017, Characterization and mechanisms of anti-influenza virus metabolites isolated from the Vietnamese medicinal plant Polygonum chinense, BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17, 162, 10.1186/s12906-017-1675-6 Uchide, 2011, Antioxidant therapy as a potential approach to severe influenza-associated complications, Molecules, 16, 2032, 10.3390/molecules16032032 Williamson, 2017, Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols, Biochem. Pharmacol., 139, 24, 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.012 Yang, 2013, Antiviral activity of Isatis indigotica root-derived clemastanin B against human and avian influenza A and B viruses in vitro, Int. J. Mol. Med., 31, 867, 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1274 Yip, 1991, Screening of medicinal plants from Yunnan province in southwest China for antiviral activity, J. Ethnopharmacol., 34, 1, 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90182-D Zuckerman, 1991, Amantadine for influenza A, BMJ, 302, 10.1136/bmj.302.6783.1022