Antimicrobial Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Graphene and Graphene-Functionalized Biomaterials. A Scope Review

Hiba Mohammed1,2, Ajay Kumar1,2, Elena Bekyarova3,4, Yas Al‐Hadeethi5, Xixiang Zhang6, Mingguang Chen6, Mohammad Omaish Ansari7, Andrea Cochis1,2, Lia Rimondini1,2
1Biomaterials Lab, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
2Biomaterials Lab, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases–CAAD, Novara, Italy
3Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
4Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
5Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
6Advanced Nanofabrication, Imaging and Characterization Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
7Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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