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Các can thiệp điều trị dựa trên kháng thể: chiến lược tiềm năng để đối phó với nhiễm virus chikungunya
Tóm tắt
Virus chikungunya (CHIKV), một bệnh truyền nhiễm qua muỗi thuộc loại Alphaviruses, đã trở thành mối đe dọa dịch tễ trong hai thập kỷ qua. Sự đồng xuất hiện gần đây của virus này cùng với các arbovirus đang lưu hành khác và các bệnh lý kèm theo đã ảnh hưởng đến tỷ lệ tử vong không điển hình lên đến 10%. Biến thể di truyền của virus đã dẫn đến khả năng thích nghi của nó đối với véc tơ mới là Aedes albopictus, bên cạnh Aedes aegypti, mở rộng phạm vi phân bố đến các khu vực không nhiệt đới và không lưu hành. Tính đến hiện tại, không có vắc xin hoặc liệu pháp nào được cấp phép chống lại CHIKV; các chế độ điều trị đối với CHIKV chủ yếu là triệu chứng, dựa trên các biểu hiện lâm sàng. Phát triển thuốc phân tử nhỏ và kháng thể trung hòa là những lựa chọn tiềm năng đáng được nghiên cứu cho đến khi một vắc xin hiệu quả hoặc an toàn được phê duyệt. Kháng thể trung hòa đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong miễn dịch kháng virus, và sự hiện diện của chúng là một dấu hiệu đặc trưng của nhiễm virus. Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi mô tả triển vọng cho các loại vắc xin hiệu quả và nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của các ứng dụng điều trị và phòng ngừa dựa trên kháng thể trung hòa để chống lại nhiễm CHIKV. Chúng tôi cũng thảo luận về tiến trình đạt được trong các can thiệp điều trị CHIKV cũng như các thách thức và hạn chế liên quan đến việc phát triển vắc xin. Hơn nữa, bài tổng quan này mô tả bài học rút ra từ nhiễm tự nhiên với chikungunya, điều này có thể giúp hiểu biết tốt hơn cho sự phát triển trong tương lai của các biện pháp điều trị dựa trên kháng thể.
Từ khóa
#virus chikungunya #kháng thể trung hòa #điều trị virus #vắc xin #miễn dịch kháng virusTài liệu tham khảo
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