Antibiotics in groundwater under locations with high livestock density in Germany
Tóm tắt
Antibiotics are deployed in large quantities both in human and in veterinary medicine. Studies show that antibiotic residues occur in the environment (e.g. soil and surface waters). In some cases they were also detected in ground and drinking water. However, the degree of groundwater pollution by antibiotic residues from livestock farming is unknown. Therefore, the federal environment agency (UBA) supported a project that aimed to investigate near-surface groundwater samples in regions of high livestock density and high risk of groundwater exposure to antibiotics. By applying worst case criteria on existing sampling sites of our groundwater monitoring grid (high amounts of manure on site, high precipitation, low adsorption capacity of soils, high nitrate concentrations in ground water, etc.) adequate sampling sites were identified as well as relevant antibiotics (amount of application, water solubility, biological stability, etc.) by a literature review and contacts to local veterinary authorities. In total, groundwater at 48 sampling sites was selected for analyses of 23 antibiotic substances. Out of the 23 antibiotics, only three sulfonamides could be detected and quantified. With regard to the 48 sampling sites, at 39 locations no veterinary antibiotics were detected. At seven locations sulfadimidine and/or sulfadiazine was detected at low concentrations (<0.012 μg/L). Only sulfamethoxazole was repeatedly detected above 0.1 μg/L at two sites. Results show that translocation of veterinary antibiotics into near-surface groundwater in most parts of Germany does not occur above detection limits. Under unfavourable conditions leaching does occur but well below the limit values for pesticides (0.1 μg/L/0.5 μg/L). However, under some extreme conditions (to be identified by further research work) one antibiotic was present in groundwater above the pesticides limit values.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bartelt-Hunt, 2011, Occurrence of steroid hormones and antibiotics in shallow groundwater impacted by livestock waste control facilities, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 123, 94, 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.12.010
Baumgarten, 2011, Long term laboratory column experiments to simulate bank filtration: factors controlling removal of sulfamethoxazole, Water Research, 45, 211, 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.034
Bäurle, 2012
Boxall, 2004, Veterinary medicines in the environment, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 182, 1
Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL), 2015
Cheng, 2015, Development of a method for trace level determination of antibiotics in drinking water sources by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Analytical Methods, 7, 1777, 10.1039/C4AY01654H
Ebert, 2015
Foerster, 2009, Sequestration of manure-applied sulfadiazine residues in soils, Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 1824, 10.1021/es8026538
Hamscher, 2004, Antibiotics in soil: routes of entry, environmental concentrations, fate and possible effects, Pharmaceuticals in the Environment, 139, 10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_11
Hannappel, 2014
Hannappel, 2014, Vorkommen von Tierarzneimitteln im oberflächennahen Grundwasser unter Standorten mit hoher Viehbesatzdichte in Deutschland, Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung, 58, 208
Hirsch, 1999, Occurrence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, Science of the Total Environment, 225, 109, 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4
Kreuzig, 2007
Ma, 2015, Occurrences and regional distributions of 20 antibiotics in water bodies during groundwater recharge, Science of the Total Environment, 518, 498, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.100
Monteiro, 2010, Occurrence and fate of human pharmaceuticals in the environment, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 202, 53
Ratsack, 2013, Veterinärantibiotikarückstände in Gülle und Gärresten aus Nordrhein-Westfalen, Environmental Sciences Europe, 25, 7, 10.1186/2190-4715-25-7