Liệu liệu pháp chống loạn nhịp tim trong rung nhĩ có quá muộn?

Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, Savelieva I, Atar D, Hohnloser SH, Hindricks G, Kirchhof P, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines-CPG, Document Reviewers (2012) 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation—developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace 14:1385–1413 Wasmer K, Breithardt G, Eckardt L (2014) The young patient with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation—what is the evidence to leave the arrhythmia untreated. Eur Heart J 35:1439–1447 Van Gelder IC, Haegeli LM, Brandes A, Heidbuchel H, Aliot E, Kautzner J, Szumowski L, Mont L, Morgan J, Willems S, Themistoclakis S, Gulizia M, Elvan A, Smit MD, Kirchhof P (2011) Rationale and current perspective for early rhythm control therapy in atrial fibrillation. Europace 13:1517–1525 Nattel S, Guasch E, Saveliea I, Cosio FG, Valverde I, Halperin JL, Conroy JM, Al-Khatib SM, Hess PL, Kirchhof P, De Bono J, Lip GY, Banerjee A, Ruskin J, Blendea D, Camm AJ (2014) Early management of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardiovascular complications. Eur Heart J 35:1448–1456 Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJ, Kuck KH, Vardas P, Wegscheider K (2013) Improving outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: rationale and design of the early treatment of atrial fibrillation for stroke prevention trial. Am Heart J 166:442–448 Weijs B, Pisters R, Nieuwlaat R, Breithardt G, Le Heuzey JY, Vardas PE, Limantoro I, Schotten U, Lip GY, Crijns HJ (2012) Idiopathic atrial fibrillation revisited in a large longitudinal clinical cohort. Europace 14:184–190 Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, Allessie MA (1995) Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 92:1954–1968 Voigt N, Li N, Wang Q, Wang W, Trafford AW, Abu-Taha I, Sun Q, Wieland T, Ravens U, Nattel S, Wehrens XH, Dobrev D (2012) Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and increased Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger function underlie delayed after depolarizations in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 125:2059–70 Alings M, Smit MD, Moes ML, Crijns HJ, Tijssen JG, Brügemann J, Hillege HL, Lane DA, Lip GY, Smeets JR, Tieleman RG, Tukkie R, Willems FF, Vermond RA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Van Gelder IC (2013) Routine versus aggressive upstream rhythm control for prevention of early atrial fibrillation in heart failure: background, aims and design of the RACE 3 study. Neth Heart J 21:354–363 Jahangir A, Lee V, Friedman PA, Trusty JM, Hodge DO, Kopecky SL, Packer DL, Hammill SC, Shen WK, Gersh BJ (2007) Long-term progression and outcomes with ageing in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a 30-year follow-up study. Circulation 115: 3050–3056 Kato T, Yamashita T, Sagara K, Iinuma H, Fu LT (2004) Progressive nature of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circ J 68: 568–572 Panzio JG, Perea J, Galan L, Jimenez S, Romero R, Ruiz M, Villanueva A, Hinojar R, Ruiz J, Cosio FG (2011) The first episode of atrial fibrillation: paroxysmal, persistent or uncertain? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 34:1320 (Abstract 30) Freemantle N, Lafuente-Lafuente C, Mitchell S, Eckert L, Reynolds M (2011) Mixed treatment comparison of dronedarone, amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide, and propafenone, for the management of atrial fibrillation. Europace 13:329–345 Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, Domanski MJ, Rosenberg Y, Schron EB, Kellen JC, Greene HL, Mickel MC, Dalquist JE, Corley SD, Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Investigators (2002) A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 347:1825–1833 Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, Kingma JH, Kamp O, Kingma T, Said SA, Darmanata JI, Timmermans AJ, Tijssen JG, Crijns HJ, Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Study Group (2002) A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 347:1834–1840 Shinagawa K, Shiroshita-Takeshita A, Schram G, Nattel S (2003) Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on fibrillation in the remodeled atrium: insights into the mechanism of the superior efficacy of amiodarone. Circulation 107:1440–1446 Wazni OM, Marrouche NF, Martin DO, Verma A, Bhargava M, Saliba W, Bash D, Schweikert R, Brachmann J, Gunther J, Gutleben K, Pisano E, Potenza D, Fanelli R, Raviele A, Themistoclakis S, Rossillo A, Bonso A, Natale A (2005) Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 293:2634–2640 Cosedis Nielsen J, Johannessen A, Raatikainen P, Hindricks G, Walfridsson H, Kongstad O, Pehrson S, Englund A, Hartikainen J, Mortensen LS, Hansen PS (2012) Radiofrequency ablation as initial therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 367:1587–1595 Leong-Sit P, Zado E, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Dixit S, Bala R, Riley MP, Hutchinson MD, Cooper J, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE (2010) Efficacy and risk of atrial fibrillation ablation before 45 years of age. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 3:452–457 Zhang XD1, Gu J, Jiang WF, Zhao L, Wang YL, Liu YG, Zhou L, Gu JN, Wu SH, Xu K, Liu X (2013) The impact of age on the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 168:2693–2698