Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Munoz, 1991, Dysregulation of in vitro cytokine production by monocytes during sepsis, J Clin Invest, 88, 1747, 10.1172/JCI115493

Kasai, 1997, Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with septic shock, Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol, 98, 34

Dinarello, 1998, Interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptors and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Int Rev Immunol, 16, 457, 10.3109/08830189809043005

Do¨cke, 1997, Monocyte deactivation in septic patients: restoration by interferon gamma treatment, Nat Med, 3, 678, 10.1038/nm0697-678

Westendorp, 1997, Genetic influence on cytokine production in fatal meningococcal disease, Lancet, 349, 170, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)06413-6

Donnelly, 1996, The association between mortality rates and decreased concentrations of interleukin-10 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the lung fields of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, Ann Intern Med, 125, 191, 10.7326/0003-4819-125-3-199608010-00005

Opal, 1996, Potential hazards of combination immunotherapy in the treatment of experimental sepsis, J Infect Dis, 173, 1415, 10.1093/infdis/173.6.1415

van de Poll, 1997, The role of interleukin-10 in the pathogenesis of bacterial infection, Clin Microbiol Infect, 3, 605, 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00465.x

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Kelso, 1995, Th1 and Th2 subsets: paradigms lost?, Immunol Today, 16, 374, 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80004-2

Zedler, 1999, T-cell reactivity and its predictive role in immunosuppression after burns, Crit Care Med, 27, 66, 10.1097/00003246-199901000-00028

Dinarello, 1996, Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease, Blood, 87, 2095, 10.1182/blood.V87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095

Opal, 1996, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in sepsis, 196

Dinarello, 1997, Induction of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Semin Oncol, 24, S9

Simms, 1993, Interleukin-1 signaling occurs exclusively via type 1 receptor, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, 6155, 10.1073/pnas.90.13.6155

Greenfeder, 1995, Molecular cloning and characterization of a second subunit of the interleukin-1 receptor complex, J Biol Chem, 270, 13757, 10.1074/jbc.270.23.13757

Schreuder, 1997, A new cytokine-receptor binding mode revealed by the crystal structure of the IL-1 receptor with an antagonist, Nature, 386, 194, 10.1038/386194a0

Danis, 1995, Cytokine production by normal human monocytes: inter-subject variation and relationship to an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene polymorphism, Clin Exp Immunol, 99, 303, 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb05549.x

Miller, 1993, Balance of synovial fluid, IL-1 β and IL-1 receptor antagonist in recovery from Lyme arthritis, Lancet, 341, 146, 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90006-3

Wilkinson, 1999, Influence of polymorphism in the genes of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and IL-1β on tuberculosis, J Exp Med, 189, 1863, 10.1084/jem.189.12.1863

Fang, 1999, Comparison of two polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 gene family: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist polymorphism contributes to susceptibility to severe sepsis, Crit Care Med, 27, 1330, 10.1097/00003246-199907000-00024

Russel, 1995, Combined inhibition of interleukin-1 in tumor necrosis factor in rodent endotoxemia: improved survival and organ function, J Infect Dis, 171, 1528, 10.1093/infdis/171.6.1528

Aiura, 1993, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist prevents Staphylococcus epidermidis -induced hypotension and reduces circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1 beta in rabbits, Infect Immun, 61, 3342, 10.1128/IAI.61.8.3342-3350.1993

Opal, 1997, Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, Crit Care Med, 25, 1115, 10.1097/00003246-199707000-00010

Bresnihan, 1998, Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Arthritis Rheum, 41, 2196, 10.1002/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2196::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-2

Brown, 1997, Functions of IL-4 and control of its expression, Crit Rev Immunol, 17, 1, 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v17.i1.10

Wang, 1995, Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation in human monocytes: IL-10 and IL-4 suppress cytokine synthesis by different mechanisms, J Biol Chem, 9558, 10.1074/jbc.270.16.9558

te Velde, 1990, Interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibits secretion of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and human IL-6 by human monocytes, Blood, 76, 1392, 10.1182/blood.V76.7.1392.1392

Paul, 1991, Interleukin-4: a prototypic immunoregulatory lymphokine, Blood, 77, 1859, 10.1182/blood.V77.9.1859.1859

Vannier, 1992, Coordinated anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin4: interleukin 4 suppresses interleukin 1 production but up-regulates gene expression and synthesis of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 4076, 10.1073/pnas.89.9.4076

Hart, 1989, Potential anti-inflammatory effects of interleukin 4: suppression of human monocyte tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and prostaglandin E2, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 86, 3803, 10.1073/pnas.86.10.3803

Jain-Vora, 1998, Interleukin-4 enhances pulmonary clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Infect Immun, 66, 4229, 10.1128/IAI.66.9.4229-4236.1998

Hultgren, 1998, Staphylococcus aureus -induced septic arthritis and septic death is decreased in IL-4-deficient mice: role of IL-4 as promoter for bacterial growth, J Immunol, 160, 5082, 10.4049/jimmunol.160.10.5082

Toi, 1991, Interleukin-4 is a potent mitogen for capillary endothelium, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 174, 1287, 10.1016/0006-291X(91)91561-P

Tepper, 1992, An eosinophil-dependent mechanism of the antitumor effect of IL-4, Science, 257, 548, 10.1126/science.1636093

Toi, 1992, Inhibition of colon and breast carcinoma cell growth by interleukin-4, Cancer Res, 52, 275

Vokes, 1998, A phase II study of recombinant human interleukin-4 for advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, Cancer J Sci Am, 4, 46

Barton, 1997, IL-6: insights into novel biological activities, Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 85, 16, 10.1006/clin.1997.4420

Barton, 1996, Interleukins 6 and 11 protect mice from mortality in a staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced toxic shock model, Infect Immun, 64, 714, 10.1128/IAI.64.3.714-718.1996

Libert, 1994, Response of interleukin-6-deficient mice to tumor necrosis factor-induced metabolic changes and lethality, Eur J Immunol, 24, 2237, 10.1002/eji.1830240945

Xing, 1998, IL-6 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses, J Clin Invest, 101, 311, 10.1172/JCI1368

Ruzek, 1997, Characterization of early cytokine responses in an interleukin-6-dependent pathway of endogenous glucocorticoid induction during murine cytomegalovirus infection, J Exp Med, 185, 1185, 10.1084/jem.185.7.1185

Tilg, 1994, Interleukin-6 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: induction of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55, Blood, 83, 113, 10.1182/blood.V83.1.113.113

Lalani, 1997, Interleukin-10: biology, role in inflammation and autoimmunity, Ann Allergy, 79, 469, 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63052-9

Howard, 1992, Biological properties of interleukin-10, Immunol Today, 13, 198, 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90153-X

Opal, 1998, Interleukin-10: potential benefits and possible risks in clinical infectious diseases, Clin Infect Dis, 27, 1497, 10.1086/515032

Brandtzaeg, 1996, Net inflammatory capacity of human septic shock plasma evaluated by a monocyte-based target cell assay: identification of interleukin-10 as a major functional deactivator of human monocytes, J Exp Med, 184, 51, 10.1084/jem.184.1.51

Clarke, 1998, IL-10 mediated suppression of TNF-α production is independent of its ability to inhibit NF-κB activity, Eur J Immunol, 28, 1719, 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199805)28:05<1719::AID-IMMU1719>3.0.CO;2-Q

Gérard, 1993, Interleukin 10 reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor and prevents lethality in experimental endotoxemia, J Exp Med, 177, 547, 10.1084/jem.177.2.547

Marchant, 1994, Interleukin-10 controls interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor production during experimental endotoxemia, Eur J Immunol, 24, 1167, 10.1002/eji.1830240524

Dickensheets, 1997, Interleukin-10 upregulates tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (p75) gene expression in endotoxin-stimulated human monocytes, Blood, 90, 4162, 10.1182/blood.V90.10.4162

Joyce, 1994, Two inhibitors of pro-inflammatory cytokine release, interleukin-10 and interleukin-4, have contrasting effects on release of soluble p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor by cultured monocytes, Eur J Immunol, 24, 2699, 10.1002/eji.1830241119

Marchant, 1994, Interleukin-10 production during septicaemia, Lancet, 343, 707, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91584-9

van der Poll, 1997, Anti-inflammatory cytokine responses during clinical sepsis and experimental endotoxemia: sequential measurements of plasma soluble interleukin (IL)-1 receptor type II, IL-10, and IL-13, J Infect Dis, 175, 118, 10.1093/infdis/175.1.118

Lehmann, 1995, High levels of interleukin-10 in serum are associated with fatality in meningococcal disease, Infect Immun, 63, 2109, 10.1128/IAI.63.6.2109-2112.1995

Westendorp, 1997, Genetic influence on cytokine production in fatal meningococcal disease, Lancet, 349, 170, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)06413-6

van Dissel, 1998, Anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and mortality in febrile patients, Lancet, 351, 950, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60606-X

Pajkart, 1997, Attenuation of pro-inflammatory response by recombinant human IL-10 in human endotoxemia: the effect of timing of rhIL-10 administration, J Immunol, 158, 3971, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3971

Dai, 1997, Both innate and acquired immunity to Listeria monocytogenes infections are increased in IL-10-deficient mice, J Immunol, 158, 2259, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.5.2259

van der Poll, 1996, Interleukin-10 impairs host defense in murine pneumococcal pneumonia, J Infect Dis, 174, 994, 10.1093/infdis/174.5.994

Greenberger, 1995, Neutralization of IL-10 increases survival in a murine model of Klebsiella pneumonia, J Immunol, 155, 722, 10.4049/jimmunol.155.2.722

Ku¨hn, 1993, Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis, Cell, 75, 263, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80068-P

Du, 1994, Interleukin-11: a multifunctional growth factor derived from the hematopoietic micro-environment, Blood, 83, 2023, 10.1182/blood.V83.8.2023.2023

Neddermann, 1996, Functional expression of soluble interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor α and stoichiometry of in vitro IL-11 receptor complexes with GP130, J Biol Chem, 271, 30986, 10.1074/jbc.271.48.30986

Tepler, 1996, A randomized-placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human interleukin-11 in cancer patients with severe thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy, Blood, 87, 3607

Trepicchio, 1997, Interleukin-11 regulates macrophage effector function through the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, J Immunol, 159, 5661, 10.4049/jimmunol.159.11.5661

Hill, 1998, Interleukin-11 promotes T cell polarization and prevents acute graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, J Clin Invest, 201, 115, 10.1172/JCI3132

Hermann, 1998, Important immunoregulatory role of interleukin-11 in the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, 41, 1388, 10.1002/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1388::AID-ART7>3.0.CO;2-F

de Waal Malefyt, 1993, Effects of IL-13 on phenotype, cytokine production, and cytotoxic function of human monocytes, J Immunol, 151, 6370, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6370

Zurawski, 1994, Interleukin 13, an interleukin-4-like cytokine that acts on monocytes and B cells, but not on T cells, Immunol Today, 15, 19, 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90021-3

McKenzie, 1993, Structural comparison and chromosomal localization of the human and mouse IL-13 genes, J Immunol, 150, 5436, 10.4049/jimmunol.150.12.5436

Callard, 1996, IL-4 and IL-13 receptors: are they one and the same?, Immunol Today, 17, 108, 10.1016/0167-5699(96)80600-1

Mijatovic, 1997, Interleukin-4 and -13 inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA translational activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophages, J Biol Chem, 272, 14394, 10.1074/jbc.272.22.14394

Di Santo, 1997, IL-13 inhibits TNF production but potentiates that of IL-6 in vivo and ex vivo in mice, J Immunol, 159, 379, 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.379

Muchamuel, 1997, IL-13 protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal endotoxemia: correlation with down-modulation of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12 production, J Immunol, 158, 2898, 10.4049/jimmunol.158.6.2898

Mulligan, 1997, Protective effects of IL- 4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13 in IgG immune complex-induced lung injury: role of endogenous IL-12, J Immunol, 159, 3483, 10.4049/jimmunol.159.7.3483

Lentsch, 1998, NF-κB activation during IgG immune complex-induced lung injury: requirements for TNF-α and IL-1β but not complement, Am J Pathol, 152, 1327

Lentsch, 1999, Regulation of acute lung inflammatory injury by endogenous IL-13, J Immunol, 162, 1071, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.2.1071

Norgaard, 1995, Transforming growth factor β and cancer, Cancer Treat Rev, 21, 367, 10.1016/0305-7372(95)90038-1

Kingsley, 1994, The TGF-βsuperfamily: new members, new receptors and new genetic tests of function in different organisms, Genes Dev, 8, 133, 10.1101/gad.8.2.133

Litterio, 1997, TGF-β: a critical modulator of immune cell function, Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 84, 244, 10.1006/clin.1997.4409

Roberts, 1992, Differential expression of the TGF-β isoforms in embryogenesis suggests specific roles in developing and adult tissues, Mol Reprod Dev, 32, 91, 10.1002/mrd.1080320203

Norgaard, 1994, Growth suppression by transforming growth factor-β1 of human small cell lung cancer cell lines is associated to expression of the type II receptor, Br J Cancer, 69, 802, 10.1038/bjc.1994.158

Jetten, 1986, Regulation and proliferation and differentiation of respiratory tract epithelial cells by TGF-β, Exp Cell Res, 167, 539, 10.1016/0014-4827(86)90193-X

Santana, 1995, Increased expression of transforming growth factor β isoforms (β1, β2, β3) in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 13, 34, 10.1165/ajrcmb.13.1.7541221

Roberts, 1988, Transforming growth factor-β biochemistry and roles in embryogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling, and carcinogenesis, Recent Prog Horm Res, 44, 157

Shull, 1992, Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease, Nature, 359, 693, 10.1038/359693a0

van der Poll, 1993, Release of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor in clinical sepsis and experimental endotoxemia, J Infect Dis, 168, 955, 10.1093/infdis/168.4.955

Ertel, 1994, Increased release of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors into blood during clinical sepsis, Arch Surg, 129, 1330, 10.1001/archsurg.1994.01420360120017

van Deuren, 1998, Plasma patterns of tumor necrosis factor-α and TNF soluble receptors during acute meningococcal infections and the effect of plasma exchange, Clin Infect Dis, 26, 918, 10.1086/513933

Mohler, 1993, Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are effective therapeutic agents in lethal endotoxemia and function simultaneously as both TNF carriers and TNF antagonists, J Immunol, 151, 1548, 10.4049/jimmunol.151.3.1548

Evans, 1994, Protective effect of 55- but not 75-kD soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-immunoglobulin G fusion proteins in an animals model of Gram-negative sepsis, J Exp Med, 180, 2173, 10.1084/jem.180.6.2173

Van Zee, 1992, Tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors circulate during experimental and clinical inflammation and can protect against excessive tumor necrosis factorα in vitro and in vivo, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 4845, 10.1073/pnas.89.11.4845

Aizawa, 1999, Cloning and expression of interleukin-18 binding protein, FEBS Lett, 445, 338, 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00148-9

Yoshimoto, 1998, IL-12 up-regulates IL-18 receptor expression on T cells, Th1 cells, and B cells: synergism with IL-18 for IFN-γ production, J Immunol, 161, 3400, 10.4049/jimmunol.161.7.3400

Thomassen, 1998, Binding of interleukin-18 to the interleukin-1 receptor homologous receptor IL-1Rrpl leads to activation of signaling pathways similar to those used by interleukin-1, J Interferon Cytokine Res, 18, 1077, 10.1089/jir.1998.18.1077

Hoshino, 1999, Cutting edge: generation of IL-18 receptor-deficient mice; evidence for IL-1 receptor-related protein as an essential IL-18 binding receptor, J Immunol, 62, 5041, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5041

Kanakaraj, 1999, Defective interleukin (IL)-18-mediated natural killer and T helper cell type 1 responses in IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-deficient mice, J Exp Med, 189, 1129, 10.1084/jem.189.7.1129

Spriggs, 1996, One step ahead of the game: viral immunomodulatory molecules, Annu Rev Immunol, 14, 101, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.101

Ploegh, 1998, Viral strategies of immune evasion, Science, 280, 248, 10.1126/science.280.5361.248

Moore, 1990, Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRF1, Science, 248, 1230, 10.1126/science.2161559

Wilson, 1998, Bacterial perturbation of cytokine networks, Infect Immun, 66, 2401, 10.1128/IAI.66.6.2401-2409.1998

Goldie, 1995, Natural cytokine antagonists and endogenous anti-endotoxin core antibodies in sepsis syndrome, JAMA, 274, 172, 10.1001/jama.1995.03530020090038

Girardin, 1992, Imbalance between tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble TNF receptor concentration in severe meningococcaemia, Immunology, 76, 20

Stu¨ber, 1996, A genomic polymorphism within the tumor necrosis factor locus influences plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations and outcome of patients with severe sepsis, Crit Care Med, 24, 381, 10.1097/00003246-199603000-00004

Mira, 1999, Association of TNF2, a TNF-α promotor polymorphism, with septic shock susceptibility and mortality: a multicenter study, JAMA, 282, 561, 10.1001/jama.282.6.561

Dorman, 1998, Mutation in the signal-transducing chain of the interferon gamma receptor has susceptibility to mycobacterial infection, J Clin Invest, 101, 2364, 10.1172/JCI2901

Jong, 1998, Severe mycobacterial and salmonella infections in interleukin-12 receptor-deficient patients, Science, 280, 1435, 10.1126/science.280.5368.1435

Moreland, 1997, Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein, N Engl J Med, 337, 141, 10.1056/NEJM199707173370301