Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean

Nature Geoscience - Tập 6 Số 8 - Trang 597-607 - 2013
Pierre Regnier1, Pierre Friedlingstein2, Philippe Ciais3, Fred T. Mackenzie4, Nicolas Gruber5, Ivan A. Janssens6, Goulven G. Laruelle1, Ronny Lauerwald7, Sebastiaan Luyssaert3, Andreas J. Andersson8, Sandra Arndt9, Carol Arnosti10, Alberto Borges11, Andrew W. Dale12, Angela Gallego‐Sala13, Yves Goddéris14, Nicolas Goossens1, Jens Hartmann7, Christoph Heinze15, Tatiana Ilyina16, Fortunat Joos17, Douglas E. LaRowe18, Jens Leifeld19, Filip J. R. Meysman20, Guy Munhoven21, Peter A. Raymond22, Renato Spahni17, Parvadha Suntharalingam23, Martin Thullner24
1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CP160/02, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1050, Belgium
2College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
3Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
4Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mãnoa, Honolulu, 96822, Hawaii, USA
5Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
6Departement Biologie, Universiteit Antwerpen, Wilrijk, Belgium, 2160
7Institute for Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, KlimaCampus, Hamburg, D-20146, Germany
8Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0202, California, USA
9School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
10Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, North Carolina, USA
11University of Liège, Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique (B5), Liège, B-4000, Belgium
12GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Wischhofstraβe 1-3, Kiel, 24148, Germany
13Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
14Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31400, France
15Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5007, Norway
16Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
17Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
18Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, California, USA
19Agroscope Research Station ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, 8046, Switzerland
20Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Yerseke, 4401 NT, The Netherlands
21Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
22Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, 06511, Connecticut, USA
23School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
24Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Likens, G. E., Mackenzie, F. T., Richey, J. E., Sedwell, J. R. & Turekian, K. K. Flux of Organic Carbon from the Major Rivers of the World to the Oceans (National Technical Information Service, US Department of Commerce, 1981).

Mulholland, P. J. & Elwood, J. W. The role of lake and reservoir sediments as sinks in the perturbed global carbon cycle. Tellus 34, 490–499 (1982).

Wollast, R. & Mackenzie, F. T. in Climate and Geo-sciences Vol. 285 (eds Berger, A., Schneider, S. & Duplessy, J. Cl.) 453–473 (Academic Publishers, 1989).

Degens, E. T., Kempe, S. & Richey, J. E. Biogeochemistry of Major World Rivers.(Wiley, 1991).

Smith, S. V. & Hollibaugh, J. T. Coastal metabolism and the oceanic organic carbon balance. Rev. Geophys. 31, 75–89 (1993).

Stallard, R. F. Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 12, 231–257 (1998).

Ver, L. M. B., Mackenzie, F. T. & Lerman, A. Biogeochemical responses of the carbon cycle to natural and human perturbations: past, present, and future. Am. J. Sci. 299, 762–801 (1999).

Richey, J. E. in The Global Carbon Cycle, Integrating Humans, Climate, and the Natural World Vol. 17 (eds Field, C. B. & Raupach, M. R.) 329–340 (Island Press, 2004).

Raymond, P. A., Oh, N. H., Turner, R. E. & Broussard, W. Anthropogenically enhanced fluxes of water and carbon from the Mississippi River. Nature 451, 449–452 (2008).

Aumont, O. et al. Riverine-driven interhemispheric transport of carbon. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 15, 393–405 (2001).

Global nutrient exports from watersheds. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19 (special issue), no. 4 (2005).

Mackenzie, F. T., Andersson, A. J., Lerman, A. & Ver, L. M. in The Sea Vol. 13 (eds Robinson, A. R. & Brink, K. H.) 193–225 (Harvard Univ. Press, 2005).

Cotrim da Cunha, L., Buitenhuis, E. T., Le Quéré, C., Giraud, X. & Ludwig, W. Potential impact of changes in river nutrient supply on global ocean biogeochemistry. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 21, GB4007 (2007).

Quinton, J. N., Govers, G., Van Oost, K. & Bardgett, R. D. The impact of agricultural soil erosion on biogeochemical cycling. Nature Geosci. 3, 311–314 (2010).

Sarmiento, J. L. & Sundquist, E. T. Revised budget for the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Nature 356, 589–593 (1992).

Cole, J. J. et al. Plumbing the global carbon cycle: integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget. Ecosystems 10, 171–184 (2007).

Battin, T. J. et al. The boundless carbon cycle. Nature Geosci. 2, 598–600 (2009).

McLeod, E. et al. A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2 . Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 552–560 (2011).

Sarmiento, J. L. & Gruber, N. Sinks for anthropogenic carbon. Phys. Today 55, 30–36 (August 2002).

Denman, K. L. et al. in IPCC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (eds Solomon, S. et al.) 499–588 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).

Le Quéré, C. et al. Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide. Nature Geosci. 2, 831–836 (2009).

Peters, G. P. et al. Rapid growth in CO2 emissions after the 2008–2009 global financial crisis. Nature Clim. Change 2, 2–4 (2012).

Global Carbon Project. Carbon Budget and Trends 2012 www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget (2012).

Ludwig, W. & Probst, J. L. River sediment discharge to the oceans: present-day controls and global budgets. Am. J. Sci. 298, 265–295 (1998).

Archer, D. Fate of fossil fuel CO2 in geologic time. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 110, 1–6 (2005).

Tranvik, L. J. et al. Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 2298–2314 (2009).

Laruelle, G. G., Dürr, H. H., Slomp, C. P. & Borges, A. V. Evaluation of sinks and sources of CO2 in the global coastal ocean using a spatially-explicit typology of estuaries and continental shelves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L15607 (2010).

Collins, W. J. et al. Development and evaluation of an Earth-system model — HadGEM2. Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss. 4, 997–1062 (2011).

Ciais, P. et al. Geo Carbon Strategy (Geo Secretariat Geneva/Food and Agriculture Organization, 2010).

Bastviken, D., Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J. A., Crill, P. M. & Enrich-Prast, A. Freshwater methane emissions offset the continental carbon sink. Science 331, 50 (2011).

Ittekkot, V., Humborg, C., Rahm, L. & Nguyen, T. A. in Interactions of the Major Biogeochemical Cycles: Global Change and Human Impacts Vol. 357 (eds Melillo, J. M., Field, C. B. & Moldan, B.) Ch. 17, 311–322 (Island Press, 2004).

Luyssaert, S. et al. CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database. Glob. Change Biol. 13, 2509–2537 (2007).

Garrels, R. M. & MacKenzie, F. T. Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks (Norton, 1971).

Holland, H. D. The chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans (Wiley, 1978).

Gaillardet, J., Dupré, B., Louvat, P. & Allègre, C. J. Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers. Chem. Geol. 159, 3–30 (1999).

Munhoven, G. Glacial–interglacial changes of continental weathering: estimates of the related CO2 and HCO3-flux variations and their uncertainties. Glob. Planet. Change 33, 155–176 (2002).

Hartmann, J., Jansen, N., Dürr, H. H., Kempe, S. & Köhler, P. Global CO2 consumption by chemical weathering: What is the contribution of highly active weathering regions? Glob. Planet. Change 69, 185–194 (2009).

Mackenzie, F. T. & Lerman, A. Carbon in the Geobiosphere — Earth's Outer Shell (Springer, 2006).

Kempe, S. in Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers Part 1 (ed. Degens, E. T.) 91–332 (Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg, SCOPE/UNEP Sonderband, 1982).

Prairie, Y. T. & Duarte, C. M. Direct and indirect metabolic CO2 release by humanity. Biogeosciences 4, 215–217 (2007).

Mackenzie, F. T., Lerman, A. & Ver, L. M. in Geological Perspectives of Global Climate Change. AAPG Studies in Geology Vol. 47 (eds Gerhard, L. C., Harrison, W. E. & Hanson, B. M.) 51–82 (American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2001).

Cole, J. J., Caraco, N. F., Kling, G. W. & Kratz, T. K. Carbon dioxide supersaturation in the surface waters of lakes. Science 265, 1568–1570 (1994).

Downing, J. A. et al. Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB1018 (2008).

Raymond, P. A. & Bauer, J. E. Use of 14C and 13C natural abundances for evaluating riverine, estuarine, and coastal DOC and POC sources and cycling: a review and synthesis. Org. Geochem. 32, 469–485 (2001).

Bianchi, T. S. The role of terrestrially derived organic carbon in the coastal ocean: a changing paradigm and the priming effect. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 19473–19481 (2011).

Stets, E. G., Striegl, R. G., Aiken, G. R., Rosenberry, D. O. & Winter, T. C. Hydrologic support of carbon dioxide flux revealed by whole-lake carbon budgets. J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosciences 114, G1 (2009).

Meybeck, M. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport by world rivers. Am. J. Sci. 282, 401–450 (1982).

Copard, Y., Amiotte-Suchet, P. & Di-Giovanni, C. Storage and release of fossil organic carbon related to weathering of sedimentary rocks. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 258, 345–357 (2007).

Galy, V. et al. Efficient organic carbon burial in the Bengal fan sustained by the Himalayan erosional system. Nature 450, 407–410 (2007).

Sobek, S., Tranvik, L. J. & Cole, J. J. Temperature independence of carbon dioxide supersaturation in global lakes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, 1–10 (2005).

Butman, D. & Raymond, P. A. Significant efflux of carbon dioxide from streams and rivers in the United States. Nature Geosci. 4, 839–842 (2011).

Sobek, S., Tranvik, L. J., Prairie, Y. T., Kortelainen, P. & Cole, J. J. Patterns and regulation of dissolved organic carbon: an analysis of 7,500 widely distributed lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 1208–1219 (2007).

Humborg, C. et al. CO2 supersaturation along the aquatic conduit in Swedish watersheds as constrained by terrestrial respiration, aquatic respiration and weathering. Glob. Change Biol. 16, 1966–1978 (2010).

Richey, J. E., Melack, J. M., Aufdenkampe, A. K., Ballester, V. M. & Hess, L. L. Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2 . Nature 416, 617–620 (2002).

Melack, J. M., Novo, E. M. L. M., Forsberg, B. R., Piedade, M. T. F. & Maurice, L. in Amazonia and Global Change (eds Keller, M., Bustamante, M., Gash, J. & Silva Dias, P.) 525–541 (Geophysical Monograph Series Vol. 186, AGU, 2009).

Smith, S. V., Renwick, W. H., Buddemeier, R. W. & Crossland, C. J. Budgets of soil erosion and deposition for sediments and sedimentary organic carbon across the conterminous United States. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 15, 697–707 (2001).

Aufdenkampe, A. K. et al. Riverine coupling of biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 53–60 (2011).

Meybeck, M. in Interactions of C, N, P and S: Biogeochemical Cycles (eds Wollast, R., Mackenzie, F. T. & Chou, L.) 163–193 (Springer Verlag, 1991).

Beusen, A. H. W., Dekkers, A. L. M., Bouwman, A. F., Ludwig, W. & Harrison, J. Estimation of global river transport of sediments and associated particulate C, N, and P. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB4S05 (2005).

Schlesinger, W. H. & Melack, J. M. Transport of organic carbon in the world's rivers. Tellus 33, 172–187 (1981).

Degens, E. T. in Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers, Part 1S Vol. 52 (ed. Degens, E. T.) 1–12 (Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg, SCOPE/UNEP Sonderband, 1982).

Laruelle, G. G. et al. Global multi-scale segmentation of continental and coastal waters from the watersheds to the continental margins. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 17, 2029–2051 (2012).

Cai, W. J. Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO2 sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon incineration? Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 3, 123–145 (2011).

Borges, A. V. & Abril, G. in Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science Vol. 5 (eds Wolanski, E. & McLusky, D. S.) 119–161 (Academic Press, 2012).

Duarte, C. M., Middelburg, J. J. & Caraco, N. Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle. Biogeosciences 2, 1–8 (2005).

Breithaupt, J. L., Smoak, J. M., Smith, T. J., Sanders, C. J. & Hoare, A. Organic carbon burial rates in mangrove sediments: strengthening the global budget. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 26, GB3011 (2012).

Cai, W. J., Dai, M. & Wang, Y. Air–sea exchange of carbon dioxide in ocean margins: a province-based synthesis. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L12603 (2006).

Borges, A. V., Delille, B. & Frankignoulle, M. Budgeting sinks and sources of CO2 in the coastal ocean: diversity of ecosystem counts. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, 1–4 (2005).

Wanninkhof, R. et al. Global ocean carbon uptake: magnitude, variability and trends. Biogeosci. Discuss. 9, 10961–11012 (2012).

Liu, K. K., Atkinson, L., Quiñones, R. & Talaue-McManus, L. Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins: A Global Synthesis (Springer, 2010).

Muller-Karger, F. E. et al. The importance of continental margins in the global carbon cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L01602 (2005).

Krumins, V., Gehlen, M., Arndt, S., Van Cappellen, P. & Regnier, P. Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity fluxes from coastal marine sediments: model estimates for different shelf environments and sensitivity to global change. Biogeosciences 10, 371–398 (2013).

Dunne, J. P., Sarmiento, J. L. & Gnanadesikan, A. A synthesis of global particle export from the surface ocean and cycling through the ocean interior and on the seafloor. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 21, GB4006 (2007).

Andersson, A. J., MacKenzie, F. T. & Lerman, A. Coastal ocean and carbonate systems in the high CO2 world of the anthropocene. Am. J. Sci. 305, 875–918 (2005).

Blair, N. E. & Aller, R. C. The fate of terrestrial organic carbon in the marine environment. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 4, 401–423 (2012).

Mackenzie, F. T., De Carlo, E. H. & Lerman, A. in Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science (eds Middelburg, J. J. & Laane, R.) Ch. 5.10 (Elsevier, 2012).

Jahnke, R. in Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes in Continental Margins, Global Change — The IGBP Series Vol. 3 (eds Liu, K-K. et al.) 597–615 (Verlag, 2010).

Milliman, J. & Meade, R. World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. J. Geol. 91, 1–21 (1983).

Van Oost, K. et al. The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle. Science 318, 626–629 (2007).

Billings, S. A., Buddemeier, R. W., Richter, D. deB., Van Oost, K. & Bohling, G. A simple method for estimating the influence of eroding soil profiles on atmospheric CO2 . Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 24, GB2001 (2010).

Mackenzie, F. T., Ver, L. M. & Lerman, A. Century-scale nitrogen and phosphorus controls of the carbon cycle. Chem. Geol. 190, 13–32 (2002).

Gislason, S. R. et al. Direct evidence of the feedback between climate and weathering. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 277, 213–222 (2009).

Beaulieu, E., Goddëris, Y., Donnadieu, Y., Labat, D. & Roelandt, C. High sensitivity of the continental-weathering carbon dioxide sink to future climate change. Nature Clim. Change 2, 346–349 (2012).

Bayon, G. et al. Intensifying weathering and land use in iron age Central Africa. Science 335, 1219–1222 (2012).

Oh, N. H. & Raymond, P. A. Contribution of agricultural liming to riverine bicarbonate export and CO2 sequestration in the Ohio River basin. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 20, GB3012 (2006).

Hamilton, S. K., Kurzman, A. L., Arango, C., Jin, L. & Robertson, G. P. Evidence for carbon sequestration by agricultural liming. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 21, GB2021 (2007).

Lerman, A., Mackenzie, F. T. & Ver, L. M. Coupling of the perturbed C-N-P cycles in industrial time. Aquat. Geochem. 10, 3–32 (2004).

Seitzinger, S. P., Harrison, J. A., Dumont, E., Beusen, A. H. W. & Bouwman, A. F. Sources and delivery of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the coastal zone: an overview of Global Nutrient Export from Watersheds (NEWS) models and their application. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB4S01 (2005).

Gruber, N. & Galloway, J. N. An Earth-system perspective of the global nitrogen cycle. Nature 451, 293–296 (2008).

Jin, X., Gruber, N., Frenzel, H., Doney, S. C. & McWilliams, J. C. The impact on atmospheric CO2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean's biological pump. Biogeosciences 5, 385–406 (2008).

Guenet, B., Danger, M., Abbadie, L. & Lacroix, G. Priming effect: bridging the gap between terrestrial and aquatic ecology. Ecology 91, 2850–2861 (2010).

Pan, Y. et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests. Science 333, 988–993 (2011).

Jacobson, A. R., Fletcher, S. E. M., Gruber, N., Sarmiento, J. L. & Gloor, M. A joint atmosphere–ocean inversion for surface fluxes of carbon dioxide: 1. Methods and global-scale fluxes. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 21, GB1020 (2007).

Khatiwala, S. et al. Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon. Biogeosci. Discuss. 9, 8931–8988 (2012).

Friedlingstein, P. et al. Update on CO2 emissions. Nature Geosci. 3, 811–812 (2010).

Sarmiento, J. L. et al. Trends and regional distributions of land and ocean carbon sinks. Biogeosciences 7, 2351–2367 (2010).

Yvon-Durocher, G. et al. Reconciling the temperature dependence of respiration across timescales and ecosystem types. Nature 487, 472–476 (2012).

Tans, P. P., Fung, I. Y. & Enting, I. G. in Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System: Will the Warming Feed the Warming? (eds Woodwell, G. M. & Mackenzie, F. T.) 351–366 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1995).

King, A. W. et al. The First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR): The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle (US Climate Change Science Program, 2007).

Meybeck, M., Dürr, H. H. & Vörösmarty, C. J. Global coastal segmentation and its river catchment contributors: a new look at land–ocean linkage. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 20, GB1S90 (2006).

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Nature Geoscience

Tập 6 Số 8

597-607

Thông tin tác giả