Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature

Kessler, 2003, The epidemiology of major depressive disorder. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), JAMA, 289, 3095, 10.1001/jama.289.23.3095

Kendell, 1987, Epidemiology of puerperal psychoses, Br J Psychiatry, 150, 662, 10.1192/bjp.150.5.662

O'Hara, 1990, Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders, J Abnorm Psychol, 99, 3, 10.1037/0021-843X.99.1.3

Cox, 1993, A controlled study of the onset, duration and prevalence of postnatal depression, Br J Psychiatry, 163, 27, 10.1192/bjp.163.1.27

Kumar, 1984, A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women, Br J Psychiatry, 144, 35, 10.1192/bjp.144.1.35

O'Hara, 1991, Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders, J Abnorm Psychol, 100, 63, 10.1037/0021-843X.100.1.63

Paffenbarger RS. Epidemiological aspects of mental illness associated with childbearing. In: Brockington IF, Kumar R, editors. Motherhood and mental illness. London: Academic Press, 1982. p. 21–36

Nonacs, 1998, Postpartum mood disorders, J Clin Psychiatry, 59, 34

O'Hara, 1984, Prospective study of postpartum depression, J Abnorm Psychol, 93, 158, 10.1037/0021-843X.93.2.158

Kennerly, 1989, Maternity blues. I. Detection and measurement by questionnaire, Br J Psychiatry, 155, 356, 10.1192/bjp.155.3.356

Pitt, 1973, Maternity blues, Br J Psychiatry, 122, 431, 10.1192/bjp.122.4.431

Brockington, 1981, Puerperal psychosis. Phenomena and diagnosis, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38, 829, 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780320109013

Dean, 1981, The symptomatology of puerperal illness, Br J Psychiatry, 139, 128, 10.1192/bjp.139.2.128

Klompenhouwer, 1991, Classification of postpartum psychosis, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 84, 255, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03140.x

Robling, 2000, Long-term outcome of severe puerperal psychiatric illness, Psychol Med, 30, 1263, 10.1017/S0033291799003025

Schopf, 1984, On the nosology of severe psychiatric post-partum disorders. Results of a catamnestic investigation, Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci, 234, 54, 10.1007/BF00432884

Reich, 1970, Postpartum psychoses in patients with manic depressive disease, J Nerv Ment Dis, 151, 60, 10.1097/00005053-197007000-00008

O'Hara, 1996, Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis, Int Rev Psychiatry, 8, 37, 10.3109/09540269609037816

Troutman, 1990, Nonpsychotic postpartum depression among adolescent mothers, J Abnorm Psychol, 99, 69, 10.1037/0021-843X.99.1.69

Robinson, 2001, Postpartum disorders, 117

1994

Remick, 2002, Diagnosis and management of depression in primary care, CMAJ, 167, 1253

Hostetter AL, Stowe ZN. Postpartum mood disorders. Identification and treatment. In: Lewis-Hall F, Williams TS, Panetta JA, Herrera JM, editors. Psychiatric illness in women. Emerging treatments and research. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Publishing Inc., 2002. p. 133–56

Watson, 1984, Psychiatric disorder in pregnancy and the first postnatal year, Br J Psychiatry, 144, 453, 10.1192/bjp.144.5.453

Nott, 1987, Extent, timing and persistence of emotional disorders following childbirth, Br J Psychiatry, 151, 523, 10.1192/bjp.151.4.523

Warner, 1996, Demographic and obstetric risk factors for postnatal psychiatric morbidity, Br J Psychiatry, 168, 607, 10.1192/bjp.168.5.607

Wisner, 2002, Clinical practice. Postpartum depression, N Engl J Med, 347, 194, 10.1056/NEJMcp011542

Beck, 2001, Predictors of postpartum depression, Nurs Res, 50, 275, 10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004

Cohen, 1977

Josefsson, 2002, Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms, Obstet Gynecol, 99, 223, 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01722-7

Johnstone, 2001, Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples, Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 35, 69, 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00862.x

Neter, 1995, Psychosocial predictors of postpartum depressed mood in socioeconomically disadvantaged women, Womens Health, 1, 51

Hayworth, 1980, A predictive study of post-partum depression, Br J Med Psychol, 53, 161, 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb01432.x

Steiner, 2002, Postnatal depression, Fam Pract, 19, 469, 10.1093/fampra/19.5.469

Steiner, 1999, Postpartum depression in relation to other psychiatric disorders, 47

Brown, 1978

Holmes, 1967, The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, J Psychosom Res, 11, 213, 10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4

Lee, 2000, Identifying women at risk of postnatal depression, Hong Kong Med J, 6, 349

Brugha, 1998, The Leicester 500 Project. Social support and the development of postnatal depressive symptoms, a prospective cohort survey, Psychol Med, 28, 63, 10.1017/S0033291797005655

Beck, 1996, A meta-analysis of predictors of postpartum depression, Nurs Res, 45, 297, 10.1097/00006199-199609000-00008

Richman, 1991, Gender roles, social support, and postpartum depressive symptomatology. The benefits of caring, J Nerv Ment Dis, 179, 139, 10.1097/00005053-199103000-00005

Menaghann, 1990, Social stress and individual distress, Res Community Ment Health, 6, 107

Seguin, 1999, Depressive symptoms in the late postpartum among low socioeconomic status women, Birth, 26, 157, 10.1046/j.1523-536x.1999.00157.x

Forman, 2000, Postpartum depression, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 107, 1210, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11609.x

Logsdon, 2000, The link of social support and postpartum depressive symptoms in African-American women with low incomes, MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs, 25, 262, 10.1097/00005721-200009000-00009

Barnett, 1988, Psychosocial functioning and depression, Psychol Bull, 104, 97, 10.1037/0033-2909.104.1.97

Boyce, 1992, Increased risk of postnatal depression after emergency caesarean section, Med J Aust, 157, 172, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137080.x

Hannah, 1992, Links between early post-partum mood and post-natal depression, Br J Psychiatry, 160, 777, 10.1192/bjp.160.6.777

Bartley, 1994, Unemployment and ill health, J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, 333, 10.1136/jech.48.4.333

Patel, 1999, Women, poverty and common mental disorders in four restructuring societies, Soc Sci Med, 49, 1461, 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00208-7

World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2001: determinants of mental and behavioural disorders. Web site, 2001. World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/whr2001/2001/main/en/chapter2/0021.htm

Patel, 2002, Gender, poverty, and postnatal depression, Am J Psychiatry, 159, 43, 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.43

Cox, 1987, Detection of postnatal depression, Br J Psychiatry, 150, 782, 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782