Ant attendance and arthropod diversity on elderberry extrafloral nectaries are influenced by plant genotype and pruning method

Alves-Silva E, Del-Claro K (2014) Fire triggers the activity of extrafloral nectaries, but ants fail to protect the plant against herbivores in a neotropic savanna. Arthropod-Plant Int 8:233–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-014-9301-8

Bentley B (1977) Extrafloral nectaries and protection by pugnacious body guards. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:407–427. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.002203

Byers PL, Thomas AL, Millican M (2010) Wyldewood Elderberry. HortSci 45:312–313. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.2.312

Charlebois D, Byers PL, Finn CE, Thomas AL (2010) Elderberry: botany, horticulture, potential. In: Janick J (ed) Horticulture reviews. Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey

Finn CE, Thomas AL, Byers PL, Serce S (2008) Evaluation of American (Sambucus canadensis) and European (S. nigra) elderberry genotypes grown in diverse environments and implications for cultivar development. HortSci 43:1385–1391. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.5.1385

Frost SW (1977) Insects associated with the extrafloral nectaries of elderberry. Fla Entomol 60:186. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493902

Gentry G (2003) Multiple parasitoid visitors to the extrafloral nectaries of Solanum adherens. Is S. adherens an insectary plant? Basic Appl Ecol 4:405–411. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00189

Heil M (2004) Induction of two indirect defences benefits Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae) in nature. J Ecol 92:527–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00890.x

Heil M (2009) Damaged-self recognition in plant herbivore defence. Trends Plant Sci 14:356–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2009.04.002

Heil M (2011) Nectar: generation, regulation and ecological functions. Trends Plant Sci 16:191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2011.01.003

Heil M (2015) Extrafloral nectar at the plant-insect interface: a spotlight on chemical ecology, phenotypic plasticity, and food webs. Annu Rev Entomol 60:213–231. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020753

Heil M, Fiala B, Baumann B, Linsenmair KE (2000) Temporal, spatial and biotic variations in extrafloral nectar secretion by Macaranga tanarius. Funct Ecol 14:749–757. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00480.x

Holland JN, Chamberlain SA, Horn KC (2010) Temporal variation in extrafloral nectar secretion by reproductive tissues of the senita cactus, Pachycereus schottii (Cactaceae), in the Sonoran Desert of Mexico. J Arid Environ 74:712–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.10.008

Jones IM, Koptur S (2015) Dynamic extrafloral nectar production: the timing of leaf damage affects the defense response in Senna mexicana var. Chapmanii (Fabaceae). Am J Bot 102:58–66. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.140038

Koptur S (1984) Experimental evidence of Inga (Mimosoideae) saplings by ants. Ecology 65:1787–1793. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937775

Koptur S (1992) Plants with extrafloral nectaries and ants in everglades habitats. Fla Entomol 71:38–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3495479

Koptur S, Palacios-Rios M, Diaz-Castelazo C, Mackay WP, Rico-Gray V (2013) Nectar secretion on fern fronds associated with lower levels of herbivore damage: field experiments with widespread epiphyte of Mexican cloud forest remnants. Ann Bot 111:1277–1283. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct063

Kost C, Heil M (2005) Increased availability of extrafloral nectar reduces herbivory in Lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae). Basic App Ecol 6:237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2004.11.002

Lange D, Calixto ES, Del-Claro K (2017) Variation in extrafloral nectary productivity influences the ant foraging. PLoS ONE 12(1):e0169492. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169492

Marazzi B, Bronstein JL, Koptur S (2013) The diversity, ecology and evolution of extrafloral nectaries: current perspectives and future challenges. Ann Bot 111:1243–1250. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct109

Ness JH (2003) Catalpa bignonioides alters extrafloral nectar production after herbivory and attracts ant bodyguards. Oecologia 134:210–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-1110-6

Pemberton RW, Lee J-H (1996) The influence of extrafloral nectaries on parasitism of an insect herbivore. Am J Bot 83:1187–1194. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446203

Piovia-Scott J (2011) The effect of disturbance on an ant-plant mutualism. Oecologia 166:411–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1851-6

Radhika V, Kost C, Bartram S, Heil M, Boland W (2008) Testing the optimal hypothesis for the indirect defences: extrafloral nectar and volatile organic compounds. Planta 228:449–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-008-0749-6

Rezende MQ, Venzon M, Perez AL, Cardoso IM, Janssen A (2014) Extrafloral nectaries of associated trees can enhance natural pest control. Agric Ecosyst Environ 188:198–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.024

Rudgers JA, Gardener MC (2004) Extrafloral nectar as a resource mediating multispecies interactions. Ecology 85:1495–1502. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0391

Thomas AL, Byers PL, Ellersieck MR (2009) Productivity and characteristics of American elderberry in response to various pruning methods. HortSci 44:671–677. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.3.671

Wackers FL, Bonifay C (2004) How to be sweet? Extrafloral nectar allocation by Gossypium hirsutum fits optimal defense theory predictions. Ecology 85:1512–1518. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0422

Wang Y, Carrillo J, Siemann E, Wheeler GS, Zhu L, Gu X, Ding J (2013) Specificity of extrafloral nectar induction by herbivores differs among native and invasive populations of tallow tree. Ann Bot 112:751–756. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct129