Answer comparison in automated question answering

M. Banko, E. Brill, Scaling to very large corpora for natural language disambiguation, in: Proc. 39th ACL, 2001, pp. 26–33 R. Barzilay, K.R. McKeown, M. Elhadad, Information fusion in the context of multi-document summarization, in: Proc. 37th ACL, 1999, pp. 550–557 E. Brill, S. Dumais, M. Banko, Analysis of the AskMSR question-answering system, in: EMNLP, 2002 E. Brill, J. Lin, M. Banko, S. Dumais, A. Ng, Data intensive question answering, in: Proc. 10th Text Retrieval Conference, 2001, pp. 393–400 Buchholz, 2001, Complex answers: A case study using a WWW question answering system, Natural Language Engineering, 1 Burger, 2002 Cardie, 2004, Combining low-level and summary representations of opinions for multi-perspective question answering C.L.A. Clark, G.V. Cormack, T.R. Lynam, Exploiting redundancy in question answering, in: Proc. 24th ACM-SIGIR, 2001, pp. 358–365 Cugini, 1996, Interactive 3D visualization for document retrieval T. Dalmas, J.L. Leidner, B. Webber, C. Grover, J. Bos, Generating annotated corpora for reading comprehension and question answering evaluation, in: EACL—Question Answering Workshop, 2003, pp. 13–20 T. Dalmas, B. Webber, Using information fusion for open domain question answering, in: Proc. KRAQ 2005 Workshop, IJCAI, 2005 G. de Chalendar, T. Dalmas, F. Elkateb-Gara, O. Ferret, B. Grau, M. Hurault-Plantet, G. Illouz, L. Monceaux, I. Robba, A. Vilnat, The question-answering system QALC at LIMSI: Experiments in using web and WordNet, in: Proc. 11th Text Retrieval Conference, 2002, pp. 407–416 Ely, 2002, Obstacles to answering doctors' questions about patient care with evidence: a qualitative study, British Medical J., 324, 10.1136/bmj.324.7339.710 Gansner, 1999, An open graph visualization system and its applications to software engineering, Software—Practice and Experience, S1, 1 R. Girju, Answer fusion with on-line ontology development, in: Proc. NAACL—Student Research Workshop, 2001 B. Green, A. Wolf, C. Chomsky, K. Laughery, BASEBALL: an automatic question answerer, in: Western Joint Computer Conference, 1961, pp. 219–224. Reprinted in: B.J. Grosz, et al. (Eds.), Readings in Natural Language Processing, pp. 545–550 L. Hirschmann, M. Light, E. Breck, J. Burger, Deep read: a reading comprehension system, in: Proc. 37th ACL, College Park MD, 1999, pp. 325–332 T. Honkela, Self-organizing maps in natural language processing, PhD thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, 1997 V. Jijkoun, M. de Rijke, Answer selection in a multi-stream open domain question answering system, in: Proc. 26th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR'04), 2004, pp. 99–111 Krasner, 1988, A cookbook for using the model-view-controller user interface paradigm in Smalltalk-80, J. Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP) Light, 2001, Analyses for elucidating current question answering technology, Natural Language Engineering, 7, 325, 10.1017/S1351324901002819 B. Magnini, M. Negri, R. Prevete, H. Tanev, Is it the right answer? Exploiting web redundancy for answer validation, in: Proc. 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2002, pp. 425–432 Mani, 1999, Summarizing similarities and differences among related documents, Information Retrieval, 1, 35, 10.1023/A:1009930203452 G.A. Miller, R. Beckwith, C. Fellbaum, D. Gross, K. Miller, Introduction to WordNet: an online lexical database, Tech. rep., Princeton University, 1993 C. Monz, M. de Rijke, Light-weight inference for computational semantics, in: Proc. Inference in Computational Semantics, 2001, pp. 59–72 Prager, 2001, Use of WordNet hypernyms for answering what-is questions A. Ratnaparkhi, A maximum entropy part-of-speech tagger, in: Proc. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing Conference, 1996, pp. 133–141 K. Sparck-Jones, Is question answering a rational task?, in: 2nd CoLogNET-ElsNET Symposium. Questions and Answers: Theoretical and Applied Perspectives, 2003 Voorhees, 2002, Overview of the TREC 2002 question answering track, 1 Voorhees, 2003, Overview of the TREC 2003 question answering track, 1 B. Webber, C. Gardent, J. Bos, Position statement: inference in question answering, in: Proc. LREC Workshop on Question Answering: Strategy and Resources, 2002, pp. 19–26 Woods, 1968, Procedural semantics for a question-answering machine, 457 Yang, 2002, The integration of lexical knowledge and external resources for question answering, 1 H. Yang, T. Chua, S. Wang, Modeling web knowledge for answering event-based questions, in: Proc. 12th International World Wide Web Conference, Poster, 2003 O. Zamir, O. Etzioni, Grouper: a dynamic clustering interface to web search results, In: 8th International World Wide Web Conference, 1999 O. Zamir, O. Etzioni, O. Madani, R.M. Karp, Fast and intuitive clustering of web documents, in: Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 1997, pp. 287–290