Annual soil CO2 efflux in a wet meadow during active layer freeze–thaw changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Amundson R (2001) The carbon budget in soils. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 29:535–562

Chapin FS III, Sturm M, Serreze MC et al (2005) Role of land-surface changes in Arctic summer warming. Science 310:657–660

Christensen TR, Johansson T, Akerman JH et al (2004) Effects on vegetation and methane emissions. Geophys Res Lett 31:L04501

Davidson EA, Janssens IA (2006) Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440(7081):165–173

Elberling B (2007) Annual soil CO2 effluxes in the High Arctic: the role of snow thickness and vegetation type. Soil Biol Biochem 39:646–654

Elberling B, Brandt KK (2003) Uncoupling of microbial CO2 production and CO2 release in frozen soil and its implications for field studies of Arctic C cycling. Soil Biol Biochem 35:263–272

Fang C, Moncrieff JB (2001) The dependence of soil CO2 efflux on temperature. Soil Biol Biochem 33:155–165

Guglielmin M, Ellis-Evans JC, Cannone N (2008) Active layer thermal regime under different vegetation conditions in permafrost areas-a case study at Signy Island (Maritime Antarctica). Geoderma 144:73–85

Guo WH, Li B, Zhang XS et al (2003) FDR system and its application in the sequential dynamical measurement of soil moisture content. Arid zone Res 20(4):247–251

Hinzman LD, Bettez ND, Bolton WR et al (2005) Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions. Clim Change 72:251–298

IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007) Climate change 2007: the scientific basis. IPCC, Geneva

Jorgenson MT, Racine AB, Walters JC et al (2001) Permafrost degradation and ecological changes associated with a warming in central Alaska. Clim Change 48:551–579

Kato T, Hirota M, Tang YH et al (2005) Strong temperature dependence and no moss photosynthesis in winter CO2 flux for a Kobresia meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Soil Biol Biochem 37:1966–1969

Kellman L, Beltrami H, Risk D (2007) Changes in seasonal soil respiration with pasture conversion to forest in Atlantic Canada. Biogeochemistry 82:101–109

Larsen KS, Jonasson S, Michelson A (2002) Repeated freeze–thaw cycles and their effects on biological processes in two Arctic ecosystem types. Appl Soil Ecol 21:187–195

Lin Q, Jin HJ, Cheng GD et al (1996) CH4 and CO2 emission from permafrost surface in Wudaoliang in the Tibetan Plateau. J Glaciol Geocryol 18(4):325–330

Mikan C, Schimel J, Doyle A (2002) Temperature controls of microbial respiration above and below freezing in Arctic tundra soils. Soil Biol Biochem 34:1785–1795

Nordstroem C, Soegaard H, Christensen TR et al (2001) Seasonal carbon dioxide balance and respiration of a High Arctic fen ecosystem in NE-Greenland. Theor Appl Climatol 70:149–166

Oechel WC, Hastings SJ, Vourlitis GL et al (1993) Recent change of Arctic tundra ecosystems from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source. Nature 361:520–523

Osterkamp TE (2005) The recent warming of permafrost in Alaska. Glob Planet Change 49:187–202

Polyakov I, Akasofu S, Bhatt U et al (2002) Trends and variations in Arctic climate system. Eos Trans AGU 83(46):547–548

Raich JW, Schlesinger WH (1992) The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus B 44:81–99

Rodionow A, Flessa H, Kazansky O et al (2006) Organic matter composition and potential trace gas production of permafrost soils in the forest tundra in northern Siberia. Geoderma 135:49–62

Skogland T, Lomeland S, Goksøyr J (1988) Respiratory burst after freezing and thawing of soil: experiments with soil bacteria. Soil Biol Biochem 20:851–856

Walker DA, Jia GJ, Epstein HE et al (2003) Vegetation-soil-thaw-depth relationships along a low-Arctic bioclimate gradient, Alaska: synthesis of information from the ATLAS studies. Permafr Periglac Process 14:103–123

Wang GX, Cheng GD (2001) Characteristics of grassland and ecological changes of vegetations in the sources regions of Yangtze and Yellow rivers. J Desert Res 21(2):101–107

Wang GX, Cheng GD, Shen YP (2002) Soil organic carbon pool of grassland soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its global implication. Sci Total Environ 291(1–3):207–217

Wang GX, Li YS, Wang YB et al (2008) Effects of permafrost thawing on vegetation and soil carbon pool losses on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Geoderma 143:143–152

Wang JF, Wang GX, Hu HC et al (2010) The influence of degradation of the swamp and alpine meadows on CH4 and CO2 fluxes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Environ Earth Sci 60:537–548

Weller G, Chapin FS, Everett KR et al (1995) The arctic FLUX study: a regional view of gas release. J Biogeogr 22:365–374

Wu HB, Guo ZT, Peng CH (2003) Distribution and storage of soil organic carbon in China. Glob Change Biol 9(3):305–315

Zhao L, Li YN, Zhao XQ et al (2005) Comparative study of the net exchange of CO2 in types of vegetation ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chin Sci Bull 50(16):1767–1774

Zhao YH, Zhao L, Wu TY (2006) Variation of CO2 concentration in active layer in Beiluhe permafrost region of the Tibetan Plateau during winter and spring. J Glaciol Geocryol 28(2):183–190