Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa

American Journal of Botany - Tập 98 Số 4 - Trang 704-730 - 2011
Pamela S. Soltis1, Stephen A. Smith2, Nico Cellinese3, Kenneth J. Wurdack4, David C. Tank5, Samuel F. Brockington6, Nancy Refulio7, Jay B. Walker8, Michael J. Moore9, Barbara S. Carlsward10, Charles D. Bell11, Maribeth Latvis1,3, Sunny Crawley12, Chelsea M. Black12, Diaga Diouf12,13, Zhenxiang Xi14, Catherine A. Rushworth14, Matthew A. Gitzendanner1,3, Kenneth J. Sytsma8, Yushan Qiu15, Khidir W. Hilu12, Charles C. Davis14, Michael J. Sanderson16, Reed S. Beaman3, Richard G. Olmstead7, Walter S. Judd1, Michael J. Donoghue17
1Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8525 USA
2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
3Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800, USA
4Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA
5Department of Forest Ecology and Biogeosciences & Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, P. O. Box 441133, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1133 USA
6Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
7Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5325 USA
8Department of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
9Biology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074-1097 USA
10Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois 61920 USA
11Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA
12Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 USA
13Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh AntDeara Diop, Dakar–Fann, BP 5005, Republic of Sénégal
14Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
15Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048 USA
16Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1041 East Lowell, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0088 USA
17Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106 USA

Tóm tắt

• Premise of the study: Recent analyses employing up to five genes have provided numerous insights into angiosperm phylogeny, but many relationships have remained unresolved or poorly supported. In the hope of improving our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny, we expanded sampling of taxa and genes beyond previous analyses.

• Methods: We conducted two primary analyses based on 640 species representing 330 families. The first included 25260 aligned base pairs (bp) from 17 genes (representing all three plant genomes, i.e., nucleus, plastid, and mitochondrion). The second included 19846 aligned bp from 13 genes (representing only the nucleus and plastid).

• Key results: Many important questions of deep‐level relationships in the nonmonocot angiosperms have now been resolved with strong support. Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales are successive sisters to the remaining angiosperms (Mesangiospermae), which are resolved into Chloranthales + Magnoliidae as sister to Monocotyledoneae + [Ceratophyllaceae + Eudicotyledoneae]. Eudicotyledoneae contains a basal grade subtending Gunneridae. Within Gunneridae, Gunnerales are sister to the remainder (Pentapetalae), which comprises (1) Superrosidae, consisting of Rosidae (including Vitaceae) and Saxifragales; and (2) Superasteridae, comprising Berberidopsidales, Santalales, Caryophyllales, Asteridae, and, based on this study, Dilleniaceae (although other recent analyses disagree with this placement). Within the major subclades of Pentapetalae, most deep‐level relationships are resolved with strong support.

• Conclusions: Our analyses confirm that with large amounts of sequence data, most deep‐level relationships within the angiosperms can be resolved. We anticipate that this well‐resolved angiosperm tree will be of broad utility for many areas of biology, including physiology, ecology, paleobiology, and genomics.

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American Journal of Botany

Tập 98 Số 4

704-730

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