Angiogenic Factors and Preeclampsia

2005, World health report: make every mother and child count, 63

Levine, 1997, Trial of calcium to prevent preeclampsia, N Engl J Med, 337, 69, 10.1056/NEJM199707103370201

Carr, 2005, A sister's risk: family history as a predictor of preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 193, 965, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.034

Esplin, 2001, Paternal and maternal components of the predisposition to preeclampsia, N Engl J Med, 344, 867, 10.1056/NEJM200103223441201

Duckitt, 2005, Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies, BMJ, 330, 565, 10.1136/bmj.38380.674340.E0

England, 2002, Smoking before pregnancy and risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 186, 1035, 10.1067/mob.2002.122404

Zhang, 2007, Blood pressure dynamics during pregnancy and spontaneous preterm birth, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 197, 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.053

Khan, 2006, WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review, Lancet, 367, 1066, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68397-9

Altman, 2002, Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate?, Lancet, 359, 1877, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08778-0

Matsuo, 2007, Late postpartum eclampsia: report of two cases managed by uterine curettage and review of the literature, Am J Perinatol, 24, 257, 10.1055/s-2007-976548

Salafia, 1998, Clinical correlations of patterns of placental pathology in preterm pre-eclampsia, Placenta, 19, 67, 10.1016/S0143-4004(98)90100-X

Palmer, 1999, Altered blood pressure course during normal pregnancy and increased preeclampsia at high altitude (3100 meters) in Colorado, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 180, 1161, 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70611-3

Zamudio, 2007, Human placental hypoxia-inducible factor-1{alpha} expression correlates with clinical outcomes in chronic hypoxia in vivo, Am J Pathol, 170, 2171, 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061185

Soleymanlou, 2005, Molecular evidence of placental hypoxia in preeclampsia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90, 4299, 10.1210/jc.2005-0078

Makris, 2007, Uteroplacental ischemia results in proteinuric hypertension and elevated sFLT-1, Kidney Int, 71, 10.1038/sj.ki.5002175

Granger, 2006, Reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model for studying cardiovascular-renal dysfunction in response to placental ischemia, Methods Mol Med, 122, 383

Meekins, 1994, A study of placental bed spiral arteries and trophoblast invasion in normal and severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 101, 669, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13182.x

Zhou, 1997, Human cytotrophoblasts adopt a vascular phenotype as they differentiate, J Clin Invest, 99, 2139, 10.1172/JCI119387

Zhou, 2002, Vascular endothelial growth factor ligands and receptors that regulate human cytotrophoblast survival are dysregulated in severe preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome, Am J Pathol, 160, 1405, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62567-9

Roberts, 1989, Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 161, 1200, 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90665-0

Spargo, 1959, Glomerular capillary endotheliosis in toxemia of pregnancy, Arch Pathol, 13, 593

Khan, 2005, Changes in endothelial function precede the clinical disease in women in whom preeclampsia develops, Hypertension, 46, 1123, 10.1161/01.HYP.0000186328.90667.95

Strevens, 2003, Glomerular endotheliosis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, BJOG, 110, 831, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2003.02162.x

Schwartz, 2000, Preeclampsia-eclampsia: clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy, Radiology, 217, 371, 10.1148/radiology.217.2.r00nv44371

Sibai, 2005, Diagnosis, prevention, and management of eclampsia, Obstet Gynecol, 105, 402, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000152351.13671.99

Ozcan, 2006, Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome and bevacizumab, N Engl J Med, 354, 980, 10.1056/NEJMc052954

Maynard, 2003, Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia, J Clin Invest, 111, 649, 10.1172/JCI17189

Ahmad, 2004, Elevated placental soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 inhibits angiogenesis in preeclampsia, Circ Res, 95, 884, 10.1161/01.RES.0000147365.86159.f5

Kendall, 1993, Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 10705, 10.1073/pnas.90.22.10705

Thomas, 2009, A recently evolved novel trophoblast-enriched secreted form of fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 variant is up-regulated in hypoxia and preeclampsia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94, 2524, 10.1210/jc.2009-0017

Heydarian, 2009, Novel splice variants of sFlt1 are upregulated in preeclampsia, Placenta, 30, 250, 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.12.010

Sela, 2008, A novel human-specific soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1: cell type-specific splicing and implications to vascular endothelial growth factor homeostasis and preeclampsia, Circ Res, 102, 1566, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.171504

Rajakumar, 2009, Novel soluble Flt-1 isoforms in plasma and cultured placental explants from normotensive pregnant and preeclamptic women, Placenta, 30, 25, 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.10.006

Levine, 2004, Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia, N Engl J Med, 350, 672, 10.1056/NEJMoa031884

Chaiworapongsa, 2004, Evidence supporting a role for blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190, 1541, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.043

Robinson, 2006, Evaluation of placenta growth factor and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 receptor levels in mild and severe preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195, 255, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.049

Lu, 2007, The effect of over-expression of sFlt-1 on blood pressure and the occurrence of other manifestations of preeclampsia in unrestrained conscious pregnant mice, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 196, 396.e391, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.12.024

Gilbert, 2007, Hypertension produced by reduced uterine perfusion in pregnant rats is associated with increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 expression, Hypertension, 50, 1142, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.096594

Venkatesha, 2006, Soluble endoglin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, Nat Med, 12, 642, 10.1038/nm1429

Levine, 2006, Soluble endoglin and other circulating antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia, N Engl J Med, 355, 992, 10.1056/NEJMoa055352

Rana, 2007, Sequential changes in antiangiogenic factors in early pregnancy and risk of developing preeclampsia, Hypertension, 50, 137, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.087700

Robinson, 2007, Soluble endoglin as a second-trimester marker for preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 197, 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.058

Gilbert, 2009, Hypertension produced by placental ischemia in pregnant rats is associated with increased soluble endoglin expression, Hypertension, 53, 399, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.123513

Gu, 2008, Placental productions and expressions of soluble endoglin, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1, and placental growth factor in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 260, 10.1210/jc.2007-1550

Esser, 1998, Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro, J Cell Biol, 140, 947, 10.1083/jcb.140.4.947

Maharaj, 2006, Vascular endothelial growth factor localization in the adult, Am J Pathol, 168, 639, 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050834

Gerber, 2007, Mice expressing a humanized form of VEGF-A may provide insights into the safety and efficacy of anti-VEGF antibodies, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 3478, 10.1073/pnas.0611492104

Sugimoto, 2003, Neutralization of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by anti-VEGF Antibodies and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) induces proteinuria, J Biol Chem, 278, 12605, 10.1074/jbc.C300012200

Eremina, 2003, Glomerular-specific alterations of VEGF-A expression lead to distinct congenital and acquired renal diseases, J Clin Invest, 111, 707, 10.1172/JCI17423

Eremina, 2008, VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy, N Engl J Med, 358, 1129, 10.1056/NEJMoa0707330

Zhu, 2007, Risks of proteinuria and hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor: systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Kidney Dis, 49, 186, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.11.039

Luttun, 2002, Revascularization of ischemic tissues by PlGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1, Nat Med, 8, 831, 10.1038/nm731

Calesson-Welsh, 1999, Vascular endothelial growth factors, 123

Wolf, 2005, Circulating levels of the antiangiogenic marker sFLT-1 are increased in first versus second pregnancies, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 193, 16, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.03.016

Maynard, 2005, Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, Pediatr Res, 57, 1R, 10.1203/01.PDR.0000159567.85157.B7

Koga, 2009, Elevated serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) level in women with hydatidiform mole, Fertil Steril

Kanter, 2010, Angiogenic dysfunction in molar pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 202, 184.e181, 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.09.005

Bdolah, 2006, Circulating angiogenic proteins in trisomy 13, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 239, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.031

Levine, 2006, Serum sFlt1 concentration during preeclampsia and mid trimester blood pressure in healthy nulliparous women, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 1034, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.192

Jeyabalan, 2008, Cigarette smoke exposure and angiogenic factors in pregnancy and preeclampsia, Am J Hypertens, 21, 943, 10.1038/ajh.2008.219

Mehendale, 2007, Placental angiogenesis markers sFlt-1 and PlGF: response to cigarette smoke, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 197, 363.e361, 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.025

Suwaki, 2006, Hypoadiponectinemia and circulating angiogenic factors in overweight patients complicated with pre-eclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195, 1687, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.04.003

Crispi, 2006, Placental angiogenic growth factors and uterine artery Doppler findings for characterization of different subsets in preeclampsia and in isolated intrauterine growth restriction, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 195, 201, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.014

Stepan, 2007, Maternal plasma concentrations of soluble endoglin in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, 2831, 10.1210/jc.2006-2774

Romero, 2008, A longitudinal study of angiogenic (placental growth factor) and anti-angiogenic (soluble endoglin and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1) factors in normal pregnancy and patients destined to develop preeclampsia and deliver a small for gestational age neonate, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 21, 9, 10.1080/14767050701830480

Jeyabalan, 2008, Circulating and placental endoglin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia, Placenta, 29, 555, 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.03.006

Cudmore, 2007, Negative regulation of soluble Flt-1 and soluble endoglin release by heme oxygenase-1, Circulation, 115, 1789, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.660134

Al-Ani, 2010, Activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 stimulates soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 release via epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation in endothelial cells, Hypertension, 55, 689, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.136333

Zenclussen, 2003, Heme oxygenases in pregnancy II: HO-2 is downregulated in human pathologic pregnancies, Am J Reprod Immunol, 50, 66, 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00047.x

Zhao, 2009, Effect of heme oxygenase-1 deficiency on placental development, Placenta, 30, 861, 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.07.012

Zhou, 2008, Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies induce pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice, Nat Med, 14, 855, 10.1038/nm.1856

Zhou, 2010, Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody-mediated tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} induction contributes to increased soluble endoglin production in preeclampsia, Circulation, 121, 436, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.902890

Kanasaki, 2008, Deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyoestradiol is associated with pre-eclampsia, Nature, 453, 1117, 10.1038/nature06951

Lee, 2010, Preeclampsia: 2-methoxyestradiol induces cytotrophoblast invasion and vascular development specifically under hypoxic conditions, Am J Pathol, 176, 710, 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090513

Bolin, 2009, Angiopoietin-1/angiopoietin-2 ratio for prediction of preeclampsia, Am J Hypertens, 22, 891, 10.1038/ajh.2009.97

Leinonen, 2010, Maternal serum angiopoietin-1 and -2 and tie-2 in early pregnancy ending in preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95, 126, 10.1210/jc.2009-0715

Hirokoshi, 2007, Elevated serum sFlt-1/Ang-2 ratio in women with preeclampsia, Nephron Clin Pract, 106, c43, 10.1159/000101483

DeVader, 2007, Evaluation of gestational weight gain guidelines for women with normal prepregnancy body mass index, Obstet Gynecol, 110, 745, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000284451.37882.85

Mazaki-Tovi, 2009, Maternal serum adiponectin multimers in preeclampsia, J Perinat Med, 37, 349, 10.1515/JPM.2009.085

Ouyang, 2009, Plasma sFlt-1-to-PlGF ratio is correlated with inflammatory but not with oxidative stress in Chinese preeclamptic women, Arch Gynecol Obstet, 280, 91, 10.1007/s00404-008-0874-2

Ichida, 2007, Plasma adiponectin concentrations and placental adiponectin expression in pre-eclamptic women, Gynecol Endocrinol, 23, 238, 10.1080/09513590701297740

Masuyama, 2010, Different profiles of circulating angiogenic factors and adipocytokines between early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia, BJOG, 117, 314, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02453.x

Nien, 2007, Adiponectin in severe preeclampsia, J Perinat Med, 35, 503, 10.1515/JPM.2007.121

Wathen, 2009, Maternal serum endostatin at gestational weeks 16-20 is elevated in subsequent pre-eclampsia but not in intrauterine growth retardation, Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 88, 593, 10.1080/00016340902838293

Conde-Agudelo, 2004, World Health Organization systematic review of screening tests for preeclampsia, Obstet Gynecol, 104, 1367, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000147599.47713.5d

Grill, 2009, Potential markers of preeclampsia—a review, Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 7, 70, 10.1186/1477-7827-7-70

Moore Simas, 2007, Angiogenic factors for the prediction of preeclampsia in high-risk women, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 197, 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.030

Taylor, 2003, Longitudinal serum concentrations of placental growth factor: evidence for abnormal placental angiogenesis in pathologic pregnancies, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 188, 177, 10.1067/mob.2003.111

Polliotti, 2003, Second-trimester maternal serum placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor for predicting severe, early-onset preeclampsia, Obstet Gynecol, 101, 1266, 10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00338-7

Park, 2005, An elevated maternal plasma, but not amniotic fluid, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) at the time of mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis is a risk factor for preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 193, 984, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.033

Vatten, 2007, Changes in circulating level of angiogenic factors from the first to second trimester as predictors of preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 196, 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.909

Suzuki, 2009, Effect of recombinant placental growth factor 2 on hypertension induced by full-length mouse soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 adenoviral vector in pregnant mice, Hypertension, 54, 1129, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134668

Thadhani, 2004, First trimester placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and risk for preeclampsia, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 770, 10.1210/jc.2003-031244

Smith, 2007, Circulating angiogenic factors in early pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, and stillbirth, Obstet Gynecol, 109, 1316, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000265804.09161.0d

Kusanovic, 2009, A prospective cohort study of the value of maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in early pregnancy and midtrimester in the identification of patients destined to develop preeclampsia, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 22, 1021, 10.3109/14767050902994754

Tidwell, 2001, Low maternal serum levels of placenta growth factor as an antecedent of clinical preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 184, 1267, 10.1067/mob.2001.113129

Lynch, 2010, The interrelationship of complement-activation fragments and angiogenesis-related factors in early pregnancy and their association with pre-eclampsia, BJOG, 117, 456, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02473.x

Herse, 2009, Prevalence of agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in a gestational age-matched case study, Hypertension, 53, 393, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.124115

Baumann, 2008, First-trimester serum levels of soluble endoglin and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 as first-trimester markers for late-onset preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 199, 266.e261, 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.069

Powers, 2005, Maternal serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 concentrations are not increased in early pregnancy and decrease more slowly postpartum in women who develop preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 193, 185, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.11.038

Levine, 2005, Urinary placental growth factor and risk of preeclampsia, JAMA, 293, 77, 10.1001/jama.293.1.77

Buhimschi, 2005, Urinary angiogenic factors cluster hypertensive disorders and identify women with severe preeclampsia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 192, 734, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.052

Giguere, 2010, Combining biochemical and ultrasonographic markers in predicting preeclampsia: a systematic review, Clin Chem, 56, 361, 10.1373/clinchem.2009.134080

Levine, 2009, First-trimester prediction of early preeclampsia: a possibility at last!, Hypertension, 53, 747, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.129379

Lim, 2008, Effective prediction of preeclampsia by a combined ratio of angiogenesis-related factors, Obstet Gynecol, 111, 1403, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181719b7a

Shan, 2008, Use of circulating antiangiogenic factors to differentiate other hypertensive disorders from preeclampsia in a pregnant woman on dialysis, Am J Kidney Dis, 51, 1029, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.03.011

Young, 2009, The use of angiogenic biomarkers to differentiate non-HELLP related thrombocytopenia from HELLP syndrome, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 1, 10.1080/14767050903184207

Hladunewich, 2009, Angiogenic factor abnormalities and fetal demise in a twin pregnancy, Nat Rev Nephrol, 5, 658, 10.1038/nrneph.2009.154

Signore, 2008, Circulating soluble endoglin and placental abruption, Prenat Diagn, 28, 852, 10.1002/pd.2065

Bergmann, 2010, Reduction of circulating soluble Flt-1 alleviates preeclampsia-like symptoms in a mouse model, J Cell Mol Med, 14, 1857, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00820.x

Li, 2007, Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 121 attenuates hypertension and improves kidney damage in a rat model of preeclampsia, Hypertension, 50, 686, 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.092098

Karumanchi, 2005, Preeclampsia: a renal perspective, Kidney Int, 67, 2101, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00316.x

Karumanchi, 2007, Placental ischemia—cause or consequence of preeclampisa?, Kidney Int, 71, 959, 10.1038/sj.ki.5002281

Maynard, 2009, Pregnancy and the kidney, J Am Soc Nephrol, 20, 14, 10.1681/ASN.2008050493