Androgen-related disorders and hormone therapy for patients with keloids

Kouotou, 2019, Epidemiology and clinical features of keloids in Black Africans: a nested case-control study from Yaoundé, Cameroon, Int J Dermatol, 58, 1135, 10.1111/ijd.14610 Bloom, 1956, Heredity of keloids; review of the literature and report of a family with multiple keloids in five generations, N Y State J Med, 56, 511 Fujita, 2019, NEDD4 is involved in inflammation development during keloid formation, J Invest Dermatol, 139, 333, 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.044 Lu, 2015, SNP rs1511412 in FOXL2 gene as a risk factor for keloid by meta analysis, Int J Clin Exp Med, 8, 2766 Ogawa, 2016, Keloids and hypertrophic scars can now be cured completely: recent progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids and hypertrophic scars and the most promising current therapeutic strategy, J Nippon Med Sch, 83, 46, 10.1272/jnms.83.46 Ogawa, 2013, Total management of a severe case of systemic keloids associated with high blood pressure (hypertension): clinical symptoms of keloids may be aggravated by hypertension, Eplasty, 13, e25 Wood, 2019, Puberty: normal physiology (brief overview), Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metabol, 33, 101265, 10.1016/j.beem.2019.03.001 Ju, 2017, Sex hormones and acne, Clin Dermatol, 35, 130, 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.004 Shah, 2001, Estrogen and skin. An overview, Am J Clin Dermatol, 2, 143, 10.2165/00128071-200102030-00003 Nikolakis, 2016, Skin steroidogenesis in health and disease, Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 17, 247, 10.1007/s11154-016-9390-z Housman, 2014, Polycystic ovary syndrome: a review for dermatologists: Part I. Diagnosis and manifestations, J Am Acad Dermatol, 71, 847, 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.007 Bettoli, 2015, Is hormonal treatment still an option in acne today?, Br J Dermatol, 172, 37, 10.1111/bjd.13681 Castracane, 1998, Maternal serum androgens in human pregnancy: early increases within the cycle of conception, Hum Reprod, 13, 460, 10.1093/humrep/13.2.460 Palomba, 2015, Pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Hum Reprod Update, 21, 575, 10.1093/humupd/dmv029 Morel, 2016, Evolution of steroids during pregnancy: maternal, placental and fetal synthesis, Ann Endocrinol, 77, 82, 10.1016/j.ando.2016.04.023 Kong, 2013, Treatment of acne vulgaris during pregnancy and lactation, Drugs, 73, 779, 10.1007/s40265-013-0060-0 Moustafa, 1976, Keloids of the ear lobes in Egypt: their rarity in childhood and their treatment, Br J Plast Surg, 29, 59, 10.1016/0007-1226(76)90093-X Noishiki, 2019, Sex differences in keloidogenesis: an analysis of 1659 keloid patients in Japan, Dermatol Ther, 9, 747, 10.1007/s13555-019-00327-0 Moustafa, 1975, Presumptive evidence of the effect of pregnancy estrogens on keloid growth, Case Rep Plast Reconstr Surg, 56, 450, 10.1097/00006534-197510000-00019 Park, 2012, Keloid recurrence in pregnancy, Aesthetic Plast Surg, 36, 1271, 10.1007/s00266-012-9947-5 Ford, 1983, Increased androgen binding in keloids: a preliminary communication, J Dermatol Surg Oncol, 9, 545, 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1983.tb00851.x Schierle, 1997, Elevated levels of testosterone receptors in keloid tissue: an experimental investigation, Plast Reconstr Surg, 100, 390, 10.1097/00006534-199708000-00017 Ceruti, 2018, Androgens and androgen receptor action in skin and hair follicles, Mol Cell Endocrinol, 465, 122, 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.009 Fong, 2002, Keloids - the sebum hypothesis revisited, Med Hypotheses, 58, 264, 10.1054/mehy.2001.1426 Yagi, 1979, Does an immune reaction to sebum in wounds cause keloid scars? Beneficial effect of desensitisation, Br J Plast Surg, 32, 223, 10.1016/S0007-1226(79)90037-7 Smith, 2008, Thematic review series: skin lipids. Sebaceous gland lipids: friend or foe?, J Lipid Res, 49, 271, 10.1194/jlr.R700015-JLR200 Pochi, 1979, Age-related changes in sebaceous gland activity, J Invest Dermatol, 73, 108, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12532792 Azmahani, 2016, The role of androgen under normal and pathological conditions in sebaceous glands: the possibility of target therapy, Curr Mol Pharmacol, 9, 311, 10.2174/1874467208666150710120217 Bienenfeld, 2019, Androgens in women: androgen-mediated skin disease and patient evaluation, J Am Acad Dermatol, 80, 1497, 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.062 Degitz, 2007, Pathophysiology of acne, J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 5, 316, 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06274.x Thiboutot, 1995, Activity of the type 1 5 alpha-reductase exhibits regional differences in isolated sebaceous glands and whole skin, J Invest Dermatol, 105, 209, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12317162 Bhate, 2013, Epidemiology of acne vulgaris, Br J Dermatol, 168, 474, 10.1111/bjd.12149 Janssen de Limpens, 1982, Studies on the immunologic aspects of keloids and hypertrophic scars, Arch Dermatol Res, 274, 259, 10.1007/BF00403728 Kischer, 1983, Immunoglobulins in hypertrophic scars and keloids, Plast Reconstr Surg, 71, 821, 10.1097/00006534-198306000-00015 Bagabir, 2012, Site-specific immunophenotyping of keloid disease demonstrates immune upregulation and the presence of lymphoid aggregates, Br J Dermatol, 167, 1053, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11190.x Jiao, 2015, Analysis of characteristics similar to autoimmune disease in keloid patients, Aesthetic Plast Surg, 39, 818, 10.1007/s00266-015-0542-4 Chen, 2018, Characterization of CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes in keloid disease, Br J Dermatol, 178, 940, 10.1111/bjd.16173 Jin, 2018, Macrophages in keloid are potent at promoting the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells, Exp Cell Res, 362, 472, 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.011 Murao, 2014, Treg-enriched CD4+ T cells attenuate collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts, Exp Dermatol, 23, 266, 10.1111/exd.12368 Ogawa, 2017, Keloid and hypertrophic scars are the result of chronic inflammation in the reticular dermis, Int J Mol Sci, 18, 606, 10.3390/ijms18030606 Bereshchenko, 2018, Glucocorticoids, sex hormones, and immunity, Front Immunol, 9, 1332, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01332 Calippe, 2010, 17Beta-estradiol promotes TLR4-triggered proinflammatory mediator production through direct estrogen receptor alpha signaling in macrophages in vivo, J Immunol, 185, 1169, 10.4049/jimmunol.0902383 Pratap, 2015, Estrogen upregulates inflammatory signals through NF-κB, IFN-γ, and nitric oxide via Akt/mTOR pathway in the lymph node lymphocytes of middle-aged female rats, Int Immunopharm, 29, 591, 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.024 An, 1999, Estradiol repression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha transcription requires estrogen receptor activation function-2 and is enhanced by coactivators, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 15161, 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15161 Cvoro, 2008, Selective estrogen receptor-beta agonists repress transcription of proinflammatory genes, J Immunol, 180, 630, 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.630 Cvoro, 2006, Distinct roles of unliganded and liganded estrogen receptors in transcriptional repression, Mol Cell, 21, 555, 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.014 Stein, 1995, Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta, Mol Cell Biol, 15, 4971, 10.1128/MCB.15.9.4971 Straub, 2005, Sex hormone concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are not normalized during 12 weeks of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, J Rheumatol, 32, 1253 Straub, 1998, Association of humoral markers of inflammation and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or cortisol serum levels in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, Am J Gastroenterol, 93, 2197, 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00535.x Carreño-Orellana, 2016, Efectos adversos de finasteride: mitos y realidades. Una revisión actualizada [Finasteride adverse effects: an update], Rev Med Chile, 144, 1584, 10.4067/S0034-98872016001200010 Braunberger, 2018, Hidradenitis suppurativa in children: the Henry Ford experience, Pediatr Dermatol, 35, 370, 10.1111/pde.13466 Nguyen, 2017, Endocrine disorders and hormonal therapy for adolescent acne, Curr Opin Pediatr, 29, 455, 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000515 Scott, 1994, Linear keloids resulting from abuse of anabolic androgenic steroid drugs, Cutis, 53, 41 Yeung, 2019, Dermatologic conditions in transgender populations, Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am, 48, 429, 10.1016/j.ecl.2019.01.005