Anatomy and pathophysiology of the sacroiliac joint

Greenman PE, Tait B: Structural diagnosis in chronic low back pain. J Manual Med 1988, 3:114–117.

Beal MC: The sacroiliac problem: review of anatomy, mechanics and diagnosis. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1982, 81:667–679.

Nachemson AL: Newest knowledge of low back pain. A critical look. Clin Orthop 1992, 279:8–20.

Bernard Jr TN, Cassidy JD: The sacroiliac joint syndrome, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. In The Adult Spine: Principles and Practice. Edited by Frymoyer JW. New York: Raven Press; 1991:2107–2130.

Weisl H: The articular surfaces of the sacroiliac joint and their relation to the movements of the sacrum. Acta Anat (Basel) 1954, 22:1–14.

Weisl H: The ligaments of the sacroiliac joint examined with particular reference to their function. Acta Anat (Basel) 1954, 20:201–213.

Grob KR, Neuhuber WL, Kissling RO: Innervation of the sacroiliac joint of the human. Z Rheumatol 1995, 54:117–122.

Vleeming A, Stoekart, Snidjers CJ: The sacrotuberous ligament: a conceptual approach to its dynamic role in stabilizing the sacroiliac joint. Clin Biomech 1989, 4:201–203.

Onsel C, Collier BD, Meting K, et al.: Increased sacroiliac joint uptake after lumbar fusion and or laminectomy. Clin Nucl Med 1992, 17:283–287.

Bernard TN, Kirkaldy-Willis WH: Recognizing specific characteristics of nonspecific low back pain. Clin Orthop 1987, 217:266–280.

Bogduk N: Pain provocation tests for the assessment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. J Spinal Disord 1999, 12:357–358. A fundamental article in the concept of SIJ dysfunction. In particular, it deals with the physical diagnosis of SIJ dysfunction.

Schwarzer AC, April CN, Bogduk N: The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Spine 1995, 20:31–37.

Jajic I, Jajic Z: The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the sacroiliac joint in the urban population. Clin Rheumatol 1987, 6:39–41.

Kerr R: Pyogenic sacroilitis. Orthopedics 1985, 11:187–190.

Narvaez JA, Narvaez J, Clavaguera MT, et al.: Bone and skeletal muscle metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma: unusual radiographic and scintigraphic features. Eur Radiol 1998, 8:1366–1369.

Mirzaei S, Wagner E, Knoll P, et al.: Decisive diagnosis of seronegative polyarthritis by 3-phase bone scintigraphy. Nuklearmedizin 1998, 37:254–256.

Marymont JV, Lynch MA, Henning CE: Exercise related stress reaction of the sacroiliac joint. An unusual cause of low back pain in athletes. Am J Sports Med 1986, 14:320–323.

Calvillo O, Esses S, Ponder C, et al.: Neuroaugmentation in the management of sacroiliac joint pain. Spine 1998, 23:1069–1072.

Dreyfuss P, Michaelsen M, Horne M: MUJA: manipulation under joint anesthesia/analgesia; a treatment for recalcitrant low back pain of synovial joint origin. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1995, 18:537–546.

Tullberg T, Blomberg S, Branth B, Johnson R: Manipulation does not alter the position of the sacroiliac joint. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Spine 1998, 23:1124–1128.

Portenoy RK: Current pharmacotherapy of pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000, 19(suppl 1):S16–20.

Srejic U, Calvillo O, Kabakibou K: Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome: a preliminary report of four cases. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1999, 24:84–88. This article demonstrates the application of hylan to treat SIJS. It discusses the mechanism of action of hylan.

Leardini G, Mattara I, Franceschini M, Parbellini A: Intraarticular treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a comparative study between hyaluronic acid and 6-methyl prednisolone acetate. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1991, 9:375–381.

Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Howell DS, et al.: Collagenase and collagenolytic activity in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 1983, 26:63–68.

Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP: Neural proteases and age related changes in human cartilage. Ann Rheum Dis 1987, 46:363–369.

Peyron JG: Intraarticular hyaluronan injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis: state of the art review. J Rheumatol 1993, 20(suppl 39):10–15.

Cohen MD: Hyaluronic acid treatment (viscosupplementation) for OA of the knee. Bull Rheum Dis 1998, 47:4–7.

Balasz EA, Denlinger JL: Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1993, 20(suppl 39):3–9.

Laurent TC: The interaction between polysaccharides and other macromolecules. The exclusion of molecules from hyaluronic acid gels and solutions. Biochem J 1964, 63:106–112.

Gibbs DA Merrill EW, Smith KA, Balasz EA: The rheology of hyaluronic acid. Biopolymers 1968, 6:777–791.

Pozo MA, Balasz EA, Belmonte C: Reduction of sensory responses to passive movements of inflamed knee joints by hylan, a hyaluronan derivative. Exp Brain Res 1997, 116:3–9.