Anatomy and pathophysiology of intervertebral disc disease

Hariharan Shankar1,2, Jeremy A. Scarlett2, Stephen E. Abram2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Clement Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
2Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Tài liệu tham khảo

Boos, 2002, Classification of age-related changes in lumbar intervertebral discs: 2002 Volvo award in basic science, Spine, 27, 2631, 10.1097/00007632-200212010-00002 Miller, 1988, Lumbar disc degeneration: Correlation with age, sex, and spine level in 600 autopsy specimens, Spine, 13, 173, 10.1097/00007632-198802000-00008 Luoma, 2000, Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration, Spine, 25, 487, 10.1097/00007632-200002150-00016 Raj, 2008, Intervertebral disc: Anatomy-physiology-pathophysiology-treatment, Pain Pract, 8, 18, 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2007.00171.x Maniadakis, 2000, The economic burden of back pain in the UK, Pain, 84, 95, 10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00187-6 Coventry, 1945, The intervertebral disc: Its microscopic anatomy and pathology. Part I. Anatomy, development, and physiology, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 27, 105 Pye, 2007, Lumbar disc degeneration: Association between osteophytes, end-plate sclerosis and disc space narrowing, Ann Rheum Dis, 66, 330, 10.1136/ard.2006.052522 Weishaupt, 2001, Painful lumbar disk derangement: Relevance of endplate abnormalities at MR imaging, Radiology, 218, 420, 10.1148/radiology.218.2.r01fe15420 Edgar, 2007, The nerve supply of the lumbar intervertebral disc, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 89, 1135, 10.1302/0301-620X.89B9.18939 Fagan, 2003, The innervation of the intervertebral disc: A quantitative analysis, Spine, 28, 2570, 10.1097/01.BRS.0000096942.29660.B1 Errington, 1998, Characterization of cytoplasm-filled processes in cells of the intervertebral disc, J Anat, 192, 369, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19230369.x Singh, 2009, Age-related changes in the extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus of human intervertebral disc, Spine, 34, 10, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31818e5ddd Eyre, 2002, Collagen polymorphisms of the intervertebral disc, Biochem Soc Trans, 30, 844, 10.1042/bst0300844 Johnson, 2001, Immunohistochemical detection of Schwann cells in innervated and vascularized human intervertebral discs, Spine, 26, 2550, 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00007 Rajasekaran, 2004, ISSLS prize winner: A study of diffusion in human lumbar discs: A serial magnetic resonance imaging study documenting the influence of the endplate on diffusion in normal and degenerate discs, Spine, 29, 2654, 10.1097/01.brs.0000148014.15210.64 Kealey, 2005, Assessment of apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and degenerated intervertebral lumbar disks: Initial experience, Radiology, 235, 569, 10.1148/radiol.2352040437 Adams, 2006, What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it?, Spine, 31, 2151, 10.1097/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c Boos, 1996, A new magnetic resonance imaging analysis method for the measurement of disc height variations, Spine, 21, 563, 10.1097/00007632-199603010-00006 Roberts, 1998, Quantitative analysis of diurnal variation in volume and water content of lumbar intervertebral discs, Clin Anat, 11, 1, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1998)11:1<1::AID-CA1>3.0.CO;2-Z Karakida, 2003, Diurnal T2 value changes in the lumbar intervertebral discs, Clin Radiol, 58, 389, 10.1016/S0009-9260(02)00583-4 Coventry, 1945, The intervertebral disc: Its microscopic anatomy and pathology. Part II. changes in the intervertebral disc concomitant with age, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 27, 233 Horner, 2001, Volvo award winner in basic science studies: Effect of nutrient supply on the viability of cells from the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc, Spine, 26, 2543, 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00006 Modic, 2007, Lumbar degenerative disk disease, Radiology, 245, 43, 10.1148/radiol.2451051706 Videman, 2007, The effects of anthropometrics, lifting strength, and physical activities in disc degeneration, Spine, 32, 1406, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31806011fa Battie, 2006, Lumbar disc degeneration: Epidemiology and genetics, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 88, 3, 10.2106/JBJS.E.01313 Battie, 2004, Lumbar disc degeneration: Epidemiology and genetic influences, Spine, 29, 2679, 10.1097/01.brs.0000146457.83240.eb Zhang, 2008, Advances in susceptibility genetics of intervertebral degenerative disc disease, Int J Biol Sci, 4, 283, 10.7150/ijbs.4.283 Watanabe, 1997, Dwarfism and age-associated spinal degeneration of heterozygote cmd mice defective in aggrecan, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 6943, 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6943 Videman, 2003, Associations between back pain history and lumbar MRI findings, Spine, 28, 582, 10.1097/01.BRS.0000049905.44466.73 Battie, 1995, Similarities in degenerative findings on magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spines of identical twins, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 77, 1662, 10.2106/00004623-199511000-00004 Battié, 2009, The twin spine study: Contributions to a changing view of disc degeneration, Spine J, 9, 47, 10.1016/j.spinee.2008.11.011 Johnson, 2003, Human intervertebral disc cell morphology and cytoskeletal composition: A preliminary study of regional variations in health and disease, J Anat, 203, 605, 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00249.x Hadjipavlou, 2008, The pathophysiology of disc degeneration: A critical review, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 90, 1261, 10.1302/0301-620X.90B10.20910 Haefeli, 2006, The course of macroscopic degeneration in the human lumbar intervertebral disc, Spine, 31, 1522, 10.1097/01.brs.0000222032.52336.8e Olmarker, 1993, Autologous nucleus pulposus induces neurophysiologic and histologic changes in porcine cauda equina nerve roots, Spine, 18, 1425, 10.1097/00007632-199318110-00005 Zhao, 2009, The possible process of neovascularization in degeneration intervertebral disc, Med Hypotheses, 72, 361, 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.11.002 Abe, 2007, Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate the expression of nerve growth factor by human intervertebral disc cells, Spine, 32, 635, 10.1097/01.brs.0000257556.90850.53 Aoki, 2004, Innervation of the lumbar intervertebral disc by nerve growth factor-dependent neurons related to inflammatory pain, Spine, 29, 1077, 10.1097/00007632-200405150-00005 Weiler, 2005, Expression and distribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human lumbar intervertebral discs: A study in surgical specimen and autopsy controls, Spine, 30, 44, 10.1097/01.brs.0000149186.63457.20 Brisby, 2006, Pathology and possible mechanisms of nervous system response to disc degeneration, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 88, 68, 10.2106/JBJS.E.01282 Modic, 2007, Modic type 1 and type 2 changes, J Neurosurg Spine, 6, 150, 10.3171/spi.2007.6.2.150 Carragee, 2006, Are first-time episodes of serious LBP associated with new MRI findings?, Spine J, 6, 624, 10.1016/j.spinee.2006.03.005 Carragee, 2005, Discographic, MRI and psychosocial determinants of low back pain disability and remission: A prospective study in subjects with benign persistent back pain, Spine J, 5, 24, 10.1016/j.spinee.2004.05.250 Kjaer, 2005, Magnetic resonance imaging and low back pain in adults: A diagnostic imaging study of 40-year-old men and women, Spine, 30, 1173, 10.1097/01.brs.0000162396.97739.76 Kleinstuck, 2006, Are “structural abnormalities” on magnetic resonance imaging a contraindication to the successful conservative treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain?, Spine, 31, 2250, 10.1097/01.brs.0000232802.95773.89 Mitra, 2004, Longitudinal study of vertebral type-1 end-plate changes on MR of the lumbar spine, Eur Radiol, 14, 1574, 10.1007/s00330-004-2314-4 Tertti, 1991, Disc degeneration in magnetic resonance imaging, Spine, 16, 629, 10.1097/00007632-199106000-00006 Modic, 1988, Degenerative disk disease: Assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging, Radiology, 166, 193, 10.1148/radiology.166.1.3336678