Analysis of flavivirus envelope proteins reveals variable domains that reflect their antigenicity and may determine their pathogenesis

American Committee on Arthropod-borne Viruses, 1985 Anderson, 1992, Correlation of E protein binding with cell susceptibility to dengue 4 virus infection, J. Gen. Virol., 73, 2155, 10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2155 Asher, 1989, Persistent tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in man and monkeys: relation to chronic neurologic disease, 179 Banerjee, 1988, Kyasanur Forest disease, 93 Blok, 1989, Variation of the nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the envelope gene from eight dengue-2 viruses, Arch. Virol., 105, 39, 10.1007/BF01311115 Blok, 1992, Comparison of a dengue-2 virus and its candidate vaccine derivative: sequence relationships with the flaviviruses and other viruses, Virology, 187, 573, 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90460-7 Bugher, 1951, The pathology of yellow fever, 137 Calisher, 1989, Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera, J. Gen. Virol., 70, 37, 10.1099/0022-1317-70-1-37 Cane, 1989, Immunoblotting reveals differences in the accumulation of envelope protein by wild-type and vaccine strains of yellow fever virus, J. Gen. Virol., 70, 557, 10.1099/0022-1317-70-3-557 Cecilia, 1991, Nucleotide changes responsible for loss of neuroinvasiveness in Japanese encephalitis virus neutralization-resistant mutants, Virology, 181, 70, 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90471-M Dalgarno, 1992, Determinants of Murray Valley encephalitis virus virulence for mice, 1 1991 Gao, 1993, Nucleotide sequencing and antigenic studies of a Norwegian virus isolated from encephalomyelitic sheep confirm the existence of louping ill virus outside Great Britain and Ireland, J. Gen. Virol., 74, 109, 10.1099/0022-1317-74-1-109 Collins, 1986, A new mechanism for the neutralization of enveloped viruses by antiviral antibody, Nature, 321, 244, 10.1038/321244a0 Gritsun, 1993, Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the envelope gene of the Vasilchenko strain of TBE virus: comparison with other flaviviruses, Virus Res., 27, 201, 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90082-X Gritsun, 1993, Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the envelope glycoprotein of Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus; comparison with other flaviviruses, J. Gen. Virol., 74, 287, 10.1099/0022-1317-74-2-287 Hahn, 1987, Comparison of the virulent Asibi strain of yellow fever virus with the 17D vaccine strain derived from it, 84, 2019 Hahn, 1988, Nucleotide sequence of dengue 2 RNA and comparison of the encoded proteins with those of other flaviviruses, Virology, 162, 167, 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90406-0 Hasegawa, 1992, Mutations in the envelope protein of Japanese encephalitis virus affect entry into cultured cells and virulence in mice, Virology, 191, 158, 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90177-Q Heinz, 1986, Epitope mapping of flavivirus glycoproteins, Adv. Virus Res., 31, 103, 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60263-8 Holzmann, 1990, A single amino acid substitution in the envelope protein E of tick-borne encephalitis virus leads to attenuation in the mouse model, J. Virol., 64, 5156, 10.1128/JVI.64.10.5156-5159.1990 Jennings, 1993, Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the envelope protein genes of the wild-type French viscerotropic strain of yellow fever virus and the live vaccine strain, French neurotropic vaccine, derived from it, Virology, 192, 692, 10.1006/viro.1993.1090 Jiang, 1993, Single amino acid codon changes detected in louping ill virus antibody-resistant mutants with reduced neurovirulence, J. Gen. Virol., 74, 931, 10.1099/0022-1317-74-5-931 Kawano, 1993, Genetic determinants of dengue type 4 virus neurovirulence for mice, J. Virol., 67, 6567, 10.1128/JVI.67.11.6567-6575.1993 Kumar, 1993 Lobigs, 1987, Location of a neutralization determinant in the E protein of yellow fever virus (17D vaccine strain), Virology, 161, 474, 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90141-3 Lobigs, 1988, Murray Valley encephalitis virus field strains from Australia and Papua New Guinea: studies on the sequence of the major envelope protein gene and virulence for mice, Virology, 165, 245, 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90678-2 Lobigs, 1990, Host cell selection of Murray Valley encephalitis virus variants altered at an RGD sequence in the envelope protein and in mouse virulence, Virology, 176, 587, 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90029-Q Lvov, 1988, Omsk haemorrhagic fever, 205 Mandl, 1988, Sequence of the structural proteins of tick-borne encephalitis virus (Western subtype) and comparative analysis with other flaviviruses, Virology, 166, 197, 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90161-4 Mandl, 1989, Antigenic structure of the flavivirus envelope protein E at the molecular level, using tick-borne encephalitis virus as a model, J. Virol., 63, 564, 10.1128/JVI.63.2.564-571.1989 Mandl, 1991, Sequence of the genes encoding the structural proteins of the low-virulence tick-borne flaviviruses Langat TP21 and Yelantsev, Virology, 85, 981 Mandl, 1993, Complete genomic sequence of Powassan virus: evaluation of genetic elements in tick-borne versus mosquito-borne flaviviruses, Virology, 194, 173, 10.1006/viro.1993.1247 Mayer, 1975, A live vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis: integrated studies. 1. Basic properties and behaviour of the E5 “14” clone (Langat), Acta Virol., 19, 209 McAda, 1987, Partial nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome, Virology, 158, 348, 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90207-8 Ng, 1988, Possible involvement of receptors in the entry of Kunjin virus into Vero cells, Arch. Virol., 100, 199, 10.1007/BF01487683 Nitayaphan, 1990, Nucleotide sequence of the virulent SA-14 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus and its attenuated vaccine derivative, SA14-14-2, Virology, 177, 541, 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90519-W Pletnev, 1990, Nucleotide sequence of the genome and complete amino acid sequence of the polyprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus, Virology, 174, 250, 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90073-Z Pletnev, 1992, Construction and characterization of chimeric tick-borne encephalitis/dengue type 4 viruses, 89, 10532 Pogodina, 1986, Pathomorphology of experimental tick-borne encephalitis, 123 Porterfield, 1980, Antigenic characteristics and classification of Togaviridae, 13 Post, 1992, heterogeneity in envelope protein sequence and N-linked glycosylation among yellow fever virus vaccine strains, Virology, 188, 160, 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90745-B Reid, 1988, Louping ill, Vol. 3, 117 Rice, 1985, Nucleotide sequence of yellow fever virus: implications for flavivirus gene expression and evolution, Science, 229, 726, 10.1126/science.4023707 Rossmann, 1985, Structure of a human common cold virus and functional relationship to other picornaviruses, Nature, 317, 145, 10.1038/317145a0 Safronov, 1991, Tick-borne encephalitis virus strain 205: nucleotide sequence of genes and complete amino acid sequence of viral proteins, Mol. Genet., 4, 23 Shiu, 1991, Genomic sequence of the structural proteins of louping ill virus: comparative analysis with tick-borne encephalitis virus, Virology, 180, 411, 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90048-G Shiu, 1992, Envelope protein sequences of Dengue virus isolates TH-36 and TH-Sman, and identification of a type-specific genetic marker for Dengue-and tick-borne flaviviruses, J. Gen. Virol., 73, 207, 10.1099/0022-1317-73-1-207 Steinhauer, 1992, Receptor binding and cell entry by influenza viruses, Semin. Virol., 3, 91 Stryer, 1981, Oxygen transporters: myoglobin and haemoglobin, 43 Votyakov, 1978, Damage of the central nervous system in the process of development of infection induced by western tick-borne encephalitis, 58 Wengler, 1987, Analysis of the influence of proteolytic cleavage on the structural organization of the surface of the West Nile flavivirus leads to the isolation of a protease-resisant E protein oligomer from the viral surface, Virology, 160, 210, 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90062-6 Wiley, 1981, Structural identification of the antibody-binding sites of Hong Kong influenza haemagglutinin and their involvement in antigenic variation, Nature, 289, 373, 10.1038/289373a0