Anaesthesia for vascular surgery

Alexander, 1973, The role of airway closure in postoperative hypoxaemia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 45, 34, 10.1093/bja/45.1.34 Boucher, 1985, Determination of cardiac risk by dipyridamole—thallium imaging before peripheral vascular surgery, New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 389, 10.1056/NEJM198502143120701 Boysen, 1971, The effects of Paco2 on regional cerebral blood flow during carotid clamping, Anesthesiology, 35, 286, 10.1097/00000542-197109000-00012 Braunwald, 1982, The stunned myocardium: prolonged, postischemic ventricular dysfunction, Circulation, 66, 1146, 10.1161/01.CIR.66.6.1146 Browner, 1992, In-hospital and long term mortality in male veterans following noncardiac surgery, Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 228, 10.1001/jama.1992.03490020076034 Catley, 1985, Pronounced episodic oxygen desaturation in the postoperative period: its association with ventilatory pattern and analgesic regimen, Anesthesiology, 63, 20, 10.1097/00000542-198507000-00004 Clements, 1987, Perioperative evaluation of regional wall motion by transesophageal two-dimensions echocardiography, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 66, 249, 10.1213/00000539-198703000-00009 Coetzee, 1984, Effect of hypoxia on the normal and ischaemic myocardium, Critical Care Medicine, 12, 1027, 10.1097/00003246-198412000-00005 Cohen, 1988, Reversal of chronic ischemic myocardial dysfunction after coronary angioplasty, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 12, 1193, 10.1016/0735-1097(88)92599-5 Cousins, 1971, Graft, muscle, skin blood flow after epidural block in vascular surgical procedures, Surgical Gynecology and Obstetrics, 133, 59 Cutler, 1989, Controlled trials of drug treatment for hypertension, Hypertension, 13, 36, 10.1161/01.HYP.13.5_Suppl.I36 Cutler, 1992, Dipyridamole—thallium scintigraphy predicts perioperative and long-term survival after major vascular surgery, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 15, 972, 10.1016/0741-5214(92)90453-F Deanfield, 1983, Myocardial ischaemia during daily life in patients with stable angina: its relation to symptoms and heart rate changes, Lancet, ii, 753, 10.1016/S0140-6736(83)92295-X Detsky, 1986, Cardiac assessment for patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a multifactorial clinical risk index, Archives of Internal Medicine, 146, 2131, 10.1001/archinte.1986.00360230047007 Dirksen, 1988, Cardiac predictors of death after non-cardiac surgery evaluated by intention to treat, British Medical Journal, 297, 1011, 10.1136/bmj.297.6655.1011 Droste, 1989, Silent myocardial ischemia, American Heart Journal, 118, 1087, 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90831-4 Egstrup, 1988, Randomized double-blind comparison of metoprolol, nifedipine, and their combination in chronic stable angina: effects on total ischemic activity and heart rate at onset of ischemia, American Heart Journal, 116, 971, 10.1016/0002-8703(88)90147-0 Ennix, 1979, Improved results of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic coronary disease: an analysis of 1,546 consecutive carotid operations, Stroke, 10, 122, 10.1161/01.STR.10.2.122 1991, MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild (0–29%) carotid stenosis, Lancet, 337, 1235, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92916-P Fletcher, 1992, How far should blood pressure be lowered?, New England Journal of Medicine, 326, 251, 10.1056/NEJM199201233260407 Foëx, 1991, Right ventricular function during ARDS, Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 35, 72, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03402.x Ford, 1983, Diaphragm function after upper abdominal surgery in humans, American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 127, 431, 10.1164/arrd.1983.127.4.431 Gamulin, 1986, Effects of renal sympathetic blockade on renal hemodynamics in patients undergoing major aortic abdominal surgery, Anesthesiology, 65, 688, 10.1097/00000542-198612000-00023 Gill, 1992, Relationship between hypoxaemic and cardiac ischaemic events in the perioperative period, British Journal of Anaesthesiology, 68, 471, 10.1093/bja/68.5.471 Goldman, 1977, Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures, New England Journal of Medicine, 297, 845, 10.1056/NEJM197710202971601 Hedenstierna, 1990, Gas exchange during anaesthesia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 64, 507, 10.1093/bja/64.4.507 Hollenberg, 1992, Predictors of postoperative myocardial ischaemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 205, 10.1001/jama.1992.03490020053030 Holter, 1961, New method for heart studies, Science, 134, 1214, 10.1126/science.134.3486.1214 Hung, 1990, Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men, Lancet, 336, 261, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91799-G Ichinose, 1991, Appearance of thrombosis-inducing activity in the plasma of patients undergoing pulmonary resection, Chest, 100, 693, 10.1378/chest.100.3.693 Johnston, 1988, Multicenter prospective study of nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. I. Population and operative management, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 7, 69, 10.1067/mva.1988.avs0070069 Jonsson, 1988, Oxygen as an isolated variable influences resistance to infection, Annals of Surgery, 208, 783, 10.1097/00000658-198812000-00018 Kannel, 1978, Evaluation of cardiovascular risk in the elderly: the Framingham study, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 54, 573 Kazmers, 1988, Perioperative and late outcome in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less who require major vascular surgery, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 8, 307, 10.1016/0741-5214(88)90283-2 Knight, 1988, Perioperative myocardial ischemia: importance of the preoperative ischemic pattern, Anesthesiology, 68, 681, 10.1097/00000542-198805000-00005 Knighton, 1984, Oxygen as an antibiotic, Archives of Surgery, 119, 199, 10.1001/archsurg.1984.01390140057010 Leppo, 1987, Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac risk before, elective vascular surgery, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 9, 269, 10.1016/S0735-1097(87)80374-1 Lette, 1991, Multivariate clinical models and quantitative dipyridamole-thallium imaging to predict cardiac morbidity and death after vascular reconstruction, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 14, 160, 10.1067/mva.1991.28565 Mackey, 1990, Cardiac risk in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: impact on perioperative and long-term mortality, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 11, 226, 10.1016/0741-5214(90)90265-C MacMahon, 1989, Antihypertensive drug treatment. Potential, expected, and observed effects on stroke and on coronary heart disease, Hypertension, 13, 45, 10.1161/01.HYP.13.5_Suppl.I45 Madei, 1992, Hypoxaemia and pain relief after lower abdominal surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesiology, 68, 434P Mangano, 1990, Perioperative cardiac morbidity, Anesthesiology, 72, 153, 10.1097/00000542-199001000-00025 Mangano, 1990, Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery, New England Journal of Medicine, 323, 1781, 10.1056/NEJM199012273232601 Mangano, 1991, Perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. I: incidence and severity during the 4-day perioperative period, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 17, 843, 10.1016/0735-1097(91)90863-5 Mangano, 1992, Long-term cardiac prognosis following noncardiac surgery, Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 233, 10.1001/jama.1992.03490020081035 Marsch, 1993, Regional ischaemia increases regional ventricular stiffness in the remote non-ischaemic myocardium in the anaesthetized dog, European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 10 McCann, 1991, Silent myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery: incidence and association with perioperative morbidity and mortality, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 9, 583, 10.1016/0741-5214(89)90477-1 McPhail, 1988, The use of preoperative exercise testing to predict cardiac complications after arterial reconstruction, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 7, 60, 10.1016/0741-5214(88)90379-5 Messick, 1987, Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with EEG changes during isoflurane anesthesia, for carotid endarterectomy: critical rCBF, Anesthesiology, 66, 344, 10.1097/00000542-198703000-00014 Metzler, 1991, Postoperative myocardial ischaemia in patients with recent myocardial infarction, British Journal of Anaesthesiology, 67, 317, 10.1093/bja/67.3.317 Meyers, 1975, Changes in functional residual capacity of the lung after operation, Archives of Surgery, 110, 576, 10.1001/archsurg.1975.01360110122020 Mirenda, 1991, Anesthetic implications of the renin-angiotensin system and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 72, 667, 10.1213/00000539-199105000-00017 Modig, 1983, Thromboembolism after total hip replacement: role of epidural and general anesthesia, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 62, 174, 10.1213/00000539-198302000-00010 MRC Working Party, 1992, Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension, in older adults: principal results, British Medical Journal, 304, 405, 10.1136/bmj.304.6824.405 Muir, 1991, Preoperative silent myocardial ischaemia: incidence and predictors in a general surgical population, British Journal of Anaesthesiology, 67, 373, 10.1093/bja/67.4.373 Muir, 1991, Postoperative oxygen desaturation and myocardial ischaemia in patients presenting for vascular surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 66, 396P Muir, 1992, Preoperative silent ischaemia has a relationship with hypertension, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 69, 540P North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, 1991, Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy, in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis, New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 445, 10.1056/NEJM199108153250701 Odoom, 1983, Epidural analgesia and anticoagulant therapy. Experience with one thousand cases of continuous epidurals, Anaesthesia, 38, 254, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb13986.x O'Kelly, 1992, Ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 217, 10.1001/jama.1992.03490020065032 Ouyang, 1989, Coronary artery disease: frequency and significance of early postoperative silent myocardial ischemia in patients having peripheral vascular surgery, American Journal of Cardiology, 64, 1113, 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90862-X Pasternack, 1984, The value of radionuclide angiography as a predictor of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm resection, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 1, 320, 10.1016/0741-5214(84)90064-8 Pasternack, 1987, The hemodynamics of beta-blockade in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, Circulation, 76, 1 Pasternack, 1989, The value of silent ischemia monitoring in the prediction of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing, peripheral vascular surgery, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 10, 617, 10.1016/0741-5214(89)90004-9 Pasternack, 1989, Beta-blockade to decrease silent myocardial ischemia during peripheral vascular surgery, American Journal of Surgery, 158, 113, 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90357-7 Pateman, 1989, Postoperative myocardial infarction and episodic hypoxaemia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 63, 648, 10.1093/bja/63.6.648 Prys-Roberts, 1973, Studies of anaesthesia in relation to hypertension. V: Adrenergic beta-receptor blockade, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 45, 671, 10.1093/bja/45.7.671 Raby, 1989, Correlation between preoperative ischemia and major cardiac events after peripheral vascular surgery, New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 1296, 10.1056/NEJM198911093211904 Raby, 1992, Detection and significance of intraoperative and postoperative myocardial ischemia in peripheral vascular surgery, Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, 222, 10.1001/jama.1992.03490020070033 Rankin, 1989, The effect of coronary revascularization on left ventricular function in ischemic heart disease, Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 90, 818, 10.1016/S0022-5223(19)38506-X Rao, 1981, Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarachnoid catheters: an evaluation of neurologic sequelae, Anesthesiology, 55, 618, 10.1097/00000542-198155060-00002 Rao, 1983, Reinfarction following anesthesia in patients with myocardial infarction, Anesthesiology, 59, 449, 10.1097/00000542-198312000-00003 Reeder, 1991, Haemodynamic effects of periodic ventilation: abolition with supplementary oxygen, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 67, 326, 10.1093/bja/67.3.326 Reeder, 1991, Postoperative sleep apnoea. Haemodynamic effects of treatment with nasal CPAP, Anaesthesia, 46, 849, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09599.x Reeder, 1991, Postoperative myocardial ischaemia: temporal association with nocturnal hypoxaemia, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 67, 626, 10.1093/bja/67.5.626 Reeder, 1991, Silent myocardial ischaemia and myocardial dysfunction in patients undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 66, 412P Reeder, 1992, Late postoperative nocturnal dips in oxygen saturation in patients undergoing major abdominal vascular surgery. Predictive value of preoperative overnight pulse oximetry, Anaesthesia, 47, 110, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02005.x Reeder, 1992, Postoperative hypoxaemia after major abdominal vascular surgery, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 68, 23, 10.1093/bja/68.1.23 Riles, 1979, Myocardial infarction following carotid endarterectomy: a review of 683 operations, Surgery, 85, 249 Rosenberg, 1990, Late postoperative episodic and constant hypoxaemia and associated ECG abnormalities, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 65, 684, 10.1093/bja/65.5.684 Rosenberg, 1990, Continuous assessment of oxygen saturation and subcutaneous oxygen tension after abdominal operations, Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, 156, 585 Ruff, 1981, Complications of lumbar puncture, followed by anticoagulation, Stroke, 12, 879, 10.1161/01.STR.12.6.879 Salem, 1988, The effect of dopamine on renal function during aortic cross clamping, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons, 70, 9 Salmasi, 1991, Intermittent claudication as a manifestation of silent myocardial ischemia: a pilot study, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 14, 76, 10.1016/0741-5214(91)90157-P Scott, 1988, Regional anaesthesia and surgical morbidity, British Journal of Surgery, 75, 299 Shah, 1991, Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes, American Journal of Cardiology, 68, 17c, 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90219-B Shah, 1990, Reevaluation of perioperative myocardial infarction in patients with prior myocardial infarction undergoing noncardiac operations, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 70, 240 Slogoff, 1985, Does perioperative myocardial ischemia lead to postoperative myocardial infarction?, Anesthesiology, 62, 107, 10.1097/00000542-198502000-00002 Slogoff, 1986, Further observations on perioperative myocardial ischaemia, Anesthesiology, 65, 539, 10.1097/00000542-198611000-00020 Slogoff, 1988, Does chronic treatment with calcium entry blocking drugs reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia?, Anesthesiology, 68, 676, 10.1097/00000542-198805000-00004 Smith, 1988, Does anaesthetic technique make a difference? Augmentation of systolic blood, pressure during carotid endarterectomy: effects of phenylephrine versus light anesthesia and isoflurane versus halothane on the incidence of myocardial ischemia, Anesthesiology, 69, 846, 10.1097/00000542-198812000-00008 Steen, 1978, Myocardial infarction after anesthesia and surgery, Journal of the American Medical Association, 239, 2566, 10.1001/jama.1978.03280510050018 Stone, 1988, Myocardial ischemia in untreated hypertensive patients: effects of a single oral dose of beta-adrenergic agent, Anesthesiology, 68, 495, 10.1097/00000542-198804000-00004 Sydow, 1988, The influence of anaesthesia and postoperative analgesic management on lung function, Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, 159 Terrar, 1988, Effects of halothane on membrane currents associated with contraction in single myocytes isolated from guinea-pig ventricle, British Journal of Pharmacology, 94, 500, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11553.x Terrar, 1988, Isoflurane depresses membrane currents associated with contraction in myocytes isolated from guinea-pig ventricle, Anesthesiology, 69, 742, 10.1097/00000542-198811000-00017 Thompson, 1985, Surgical management of abdominal aortic aneurysms: factors influencing mortality and morbidity—a 20 year experience, Annals of Surgery, 181, 654, 10.1097/00000658-197505000-00020 Tuman, 1991, Effects of epidural anesthesia and analgesia on coagulation and outcome after major vascular surgery, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 73, 696, 10.1213/00000539-199112000-00005 Vodinh, 1989, Risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complications after vascular surgery, Surgery, 105, 360 Wheatley, 1991, The first year's experience of an acute pain service, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 67, 353, 10.1093/bja/67.3.353 Wong, 1988, Prolonged postoperative myocardial ischemia in high-risk patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, Anesthesiology, 69, A56, 10.1097/00000542-198809010-00056 Yates, 1988, Anaesthesia and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The effect of enalapril on perioperative cardiovascular stability, Anaesthesia, 43, 935, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb05655.x Yeager, 1987, Epidural anesthesia and analgesia in high risk surgical patients, Anesthesiology, 66, 729, 10.1097/00000542-198706000-00004