Tác động của steroid đồng hóa androgen đến hệ miễn dịch: tổng quan

Sonya Marshall‐Gradisnik1, Rachel Green1, Ekua Brenu1, Robert P Weatherby2
11Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, QLD 4229, Robina, Australia
22Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Southern Cross University, NSW, 2480, Lismore, Australia

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtCác steroid đồng hóa androgen (AAS) là các dẫn xuất tổng hợp của hormone nam testosterone. AAS được vận động viên và người sử dụng giải trí ở mọi độ tuổi sử dụng để cải thiện hiệu suất thể thao và/hoặc ngoại hình. Trong khi một số tác động bất lợi của việc lạm dụng AAS đã được mô tả, tác động của chúng đối với hệ miễn dịch vẫn chưa được làm rõ. Tài liệu thường chỉ ra rằng các liều AAS vượt mức sinh lý với cấu trúc steroid nguyên vẹn là có tác dụng ức chế miễn dịch, tức là chúng làm giảm số lượng và chức năng của tế bào miễn dịch. Trong khi đó, những AAS có biến đổi cấu trúc steroid lại có tác dụng kích thích miễn dịch vì chúng kích thích sự phát triển của tế bào T và các tế bào miễn dịch khác. Cụ thể, một số AAS phổ biến đã được chứng minh là ảnh hưởng bất lợi đến sự phân biệt và phát triển của lymphocyte, sản xuất kháng thể, hoạt động sát thương tự nhiên của tế bào NK và sản xuất một số cytokine nhất định, từ đó làm thay đổi phản ứng miễn dịch. Những tác động này có thể sâu sắc và kéo dài tùy thuộc vào chế độ liều, loại hoặc tổ hợp AAS được sử dụng và mức độ cũng như thời gian lạm dụng AAS. Tuy nhiên, các tác động của việc sử dụng lâu dài liều AAS vượt mức sinh lý đối với hệ miễn dịch vẫn còn chưa chắc chắn.

Từ khóa

#AAS #steroid đồng hóa #hệ miễn dịch #tế bào T #cytokine #lạm dụng thuốc

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