An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass

Organic Geochemistry - Tập 30 Số 12 - Trang 1479-1493 - 1999
A.V. Bridgwater1, Dietrich Meier2, Desmond Radlein3
1Bio-Energy Research Group, Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
2BFH-Institute for Wood Chemistry, Leuschnerstrasse 91, Hamburg D-21031, Germany
3RTI Ltd, 110 Baffin Place, Unit 5, Waterloo, Ontario, N2V 1Z7, Canada

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Andrews, R., Patnaik, P.C., Liu, Q., Thamburaj, 1994. Firing fast pyrolysis oils in turbines. In: Milne, T. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties and Combustion Meeting, NREL/CP-430-7215, pp. 383–391.

BBSRC, 1999. http://www.res.bbsrc.ac.uk/soils/somnet/index.html.

Boroson, 1989, Product yields and kinetics from the vapour phase cracking of wood pyrolysis tars, AIChE Journal, 35, 120, 10.1002/aic.690350113

Boukis, I., Maniatis, K., Bridgwater, A.V., Kyritsis, S., Flitris, Y., Vassilatos, V., 1993. Flash pyrolysis of biomass in an air blown circulating fluidised bed reactor. In: Bridgwater, A.V. (Ed.), Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. Blackie, pp. 451–1164.

Bridgwater, A.V., 1998. The opportunities for fast pyrolysis of biomass. In: Proceedings 10th EC Bioenergy Conference, Wurtzburg, June 1998, CARMEN, Germany.

Bridgwater, 1999, Principles and practice of biomass fast pyrolysis processes for liquids, J. Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 51, 3, 10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00005-4

Bridgwater, A.V., Evans, G.D., 1993. An assessment of thermochemical conversion systems for processing biomass and refuse. Report to UK DTI, 254 pp (ETSU B/T1/00207/REP).

Bridgwater, A.V., Peacocke, G.V.C., 1999. Fast pyrolysis processes for biomass. In: Sustainable and Renewable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, pp. 1–72.

Diebold, J.P., 1999. A review of the toxicity of biomass pyrolysis liquids formed at low temperature, In: Bridgwater, A.V. et al. (Eds.), Fast Pyrolysis: A Handbook. (CPL 1999, ISBN 1 872691 07 2) pp. 135–163.

Diebold, J.P., Scahill, J., 1987. Production of primary pyrolysis oils in a vortex reactor. In: Production, Analysis and Upgrading of Oils from Biomass, ACS Series, Denver, Colorado, April, pp. 21–28.

Diebold, J.P., Czernik, S., Scahill, J.W., Philips, S.D., Feik, C.J., 1993. Hot-gas filtration to remove char from pyrolysis vapours produced in the vortex reactor at NREL. In: Milne, T.A. (Ed.), Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties and Combustion Meeting. NREL-CP-430-7215, pp. 90–108.

Diebold, J.P., Beckman, D., Bridgwater, A.V., Elliott, D.C., Solantausta, Y., 1994a. IEA technoeconomic analysis of the thermochemical conversion of biomass to gasoline by the NREL process. In: Bridgwater, A.V. (Ed.), Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. Blackie, pp. 1325–1342.

Diebold, J.P., Elliott, D.C., Bridgwater, A.V., Solantausta, Y., Beckman, D., 1994b. Assessment of Liquefaction and Pyrolysis Systems, 230 pp, VTT on behalf of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, VTT.

Enersearch, Ontario Ministry of Energy, 1992. Project Summary on Ensyn Technologies RTP Process.

Ensyn, 1998. US Patent 5,792,340, Method and apparatus for a circulating bed transport fast pyrolysis reactor system, 11 August.

Gorton, C.W., Knight, J.A., 1984. Oil from biomass by entrained-flow pyrolysis. Biotech. and Bioeng. Symp., No 14, pp. 14–20.

Goudrian, 1990, Liquid fuels from biomass via an hydrothermal process, Chem. Eng. Sci., 45, 2729, 10.1016/0009-2509(90)80164-A

Graham, R.G., 1991. Flash-pyrolysis liquid fuels production. In: Grassi, G. (Ed.), Proceedings 1st EC Forum on Electricity Production from Biomass and Solid Wastes by Advanced Technologies. Florence, Italy, 27–29 November.

Gratson, D.A., 1994. Results of toxicological testing of whole wood oils derived from the fast pyrolysis of biomass. In: Proc. Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties ands Combustion Meeting, Estes Park, Col. USDA, pp. 203–211.

Jenkinson, 1990, The Turnover of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Soil, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B329, 361, 10.1098/rstb.1990.0177

Joyner, H.S., Vaughan, B.M., White, D.H., Wolf, D., 1993. MSW and biomass to liquid fuels by packaged liquefaction plants. In: Proc. First Biomass Conference of the Americas, Vermont. NREL Publication CP-200-5768, 1993, Vol. 2, pp. 964–977.

Kovac, R.J., O'Neil, D., 1989. The Georgia Tech entrained flow pyrolysis process. In: Ferraro, G.-L, Maniatis, K., Buekens, A. Bridgwater, A.V. (Eds.), Pyrolysis and Gasification. Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 169–179.

Leech, J., 1997. Running a dual fuel engine on crude pyrolysis oil. In: Kaltschmitt, M., Bridgwater, A.V. (Eds), Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis, CPL, pp. 495–497.

Lidén, 1988, A kinetic model for the production of liquids from the flash pyrolysis of biomass, Chem. Eng. Comm., 65, 207, 10.1080/00986448808940254

Maniatis, K., Baeyens, J., Peeters, H., Roggeman, G., 1994. The Egemin flash pyrolysis process: commissioning and initial results. In: Bridgwater, A.V. (Ed.), Advances in thermochemical biomass conversion. Blackie, pp. 1257–1264.

McKinley, J., 1989. Biomass liquefaction: centralised analysis, final report., DSS File No. 23216-4-6192, Energy, Mines and Resources Ministry: Ottawa, Canada.

Oasmaa, A., Leppämäki, E., Koponen, P., Levander, J., Tapola, E., 1997. Physical Characterisation of Biomass-based Pyrolysis Liquids. VTT Publications, Espoo.

Peacocke, 1994, Ablative plate pyrolysis of biomass for liquids, Biomass and Bioenergy, 7, 147, 10.1016/0961-9534(94)00054-W

Peacocke, G.V.C., 1994. Ph.D. thesis, Aston University.

Piskorz, J., Radlein, D., 1998. Determination of biodegradation rates of bio-oil by respirometry, In: Bridgwater, A.V. et al. (Eds.), Fast Pyrolysis: A Handbook. (CPL 1999, ISBN 1 872691 07 2) pp. 119–134.

Piskorz, J., Radlein, D., Scott, D.S., Czernik, S., 1988. Liquid products from the fast pyrolysis of wood and cellulose. In: Bridgwater, A.V., Kuester, J.L. (Eds.), Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 557–571.

Radlein, D., 1998. PyNe Newsletter (5) and (6), Aston University, UK.

Radlein, D., Piskorz, J., Majerski., P., 1997. Method of producing slow-release nitrogenous organic fertilizer from biomass. US Patent 5,676,727, 1997 and European Patent Application 0716056.

Reed, T.B., Diebold, J.P., Désrosiers, R., 1990. Perspectives in heat transfer requirements and mechanisms for fast pyrolysis. In: Proceedings of the Specialists' Workshop on Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass, Copper Mountain, Colorado, SERI/CP-622-1096, pp. 7–20.

Rozich, A.F., Gaudy Jr., A.F., 1992. Design and operation of activated sludge process using respirometry. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, pp. 77–96.

Scott, 1984, The Continuous Flash Pyrolysis of Biomass, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 62, 404, 10.1002/cjce.5450620319

Toft, A.J., 1996. Ph.D. thesis, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.

Whiting, K.J., 1997. The market for pyrolysis and gasification of waste. Juniper Consultancy Services Ltd, UK.