An intelligent divide-and-conquer approach for driving style management

Personal Technologies - Tập 27 - Trang 1729-1746 - 2023
Khalid Ali Al Abri1, Nafaa Jabeur2, Hana Gharrad1, Ansar Ul-Haque Yasar1
1Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
2German University of Technology in Oman (GUtech), Athaibah, Sultanate of Oman

Tóm tắt

Driving styles reflect the performance and the ability of drivers to drive in a safe and protective manner. As some of them would possibly result into harmful behaviors, the recognition of these styles continue to attract intensive investigations from the transportation community. In spite of the current promising results, the existing approaches did not yet address the management of simultaneous driving behaviors that are exhibited by a driver during the same commute. They did not also explicitly investigate the legal implication of these driving styles. To this end, we argue that intelligent collaborative solutions could adequately handle the constantly changing traffic environment, prevent aberrant driving behaviors, classify driving styles, and identify the right road traffic policies to apply at the right time to the right driver. Therefore, we are proposing a new intelligent divide-and-conquer approach that aims to process concurrent driver’s driving behaviors and identify the related driving styles, accordingly. Our solution relies on a four-layer Multi-Agent System (MAS) architecture, where intelligent agents execute injection, filtering, action, and feedback processing steps to ultimately generate personalized recommendations and feedback to drivers. For the sake of illustration, we collected driving data about braking and acceleration behaviors via our dedicated mobile app AWARIDE. We successfully classified the driving styles into aggressive, normal, and conservative. We also successfully identified the transitions between these styles.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Abuali N, Abou-Zeid H (2016) Driver behavior modeling: Developments and future directions. Int J Veh Technol 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6952791 Aguilar J, Aguilar K, Chavez Garcia G, Cordero J, Puerto E (2017) Different intelligent approaches for modeling the style of car driving, 284–291. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006411902840291 Alkinani MH, Khan WZ, Arshad Q (2020) Detecting human driver inattentive and aggressive driving behavior using deep learning: recent advances, requirements and open challenges. IEEE Access 8:105008–105030. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999829 Aoude GS, Desaraju VR, Stephens LH, How JP (2012) Driver behavior classification at intersections and validation on large naturalistic data set. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 13(2):724–736. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2011.2179537 Azevedo-Sa H, Yang XJ, Robert LP, Tilbury DM (2021) Handling trust between drivers and automated vehicles for improved collaboration. Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 589–591. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434074.3446358 AzevedoSá H, Yang XJ, Robert L, Tilbury D (2021) A unified bi-directional model for natural and artificial trust in human-robot collaboration. IEEE Robot Autom Lett. https://doi.org/10.7302/1286 Bathrellos GD, Gaki-Papanastassiou K, Skilodimou HD, Papanastassiou D, Chousianitis KG (2012) Potential suitability for urban planning and industry development using natural hazard maps and geological–geomorphological parameters. Environ Earth Sci 66(2):537–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1263-x Bathrellos GD, Skilodimou HD, Chousianitis K, Youssef AM, Pradhan B (2017) Suitability estimation for urban development using multi-hazard assessment map. Sci Total Environ 575:119–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.025 Bejani MM, Ghatee M (2020) Convolutional neural network with adaptive regularization to classify driving styles on smartphones. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 21(2):543–552. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.2896672 Belakhdar I, Kaaniche W, Djemal R, Ouni B (2018) Single-channel-based automatic drowsiness detection architecture with a reduced number of EEG features. Microprocessors Microsyst 58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2018.02.004 Brombacher P, Masino J, Frey M, Gauterin F (2017) Driving event detection and driving style classification using artificial neural networks. IEEE Int Conf Ind Technol (ICIT) 2017:997–1002. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2017.7915497 Chen C, Zhang G, Tarefder R, Ma J, Wei H, Guan H (2015) A multinomial logit model-Bayesian network hybrid approach for driver injury severity analyses in rear-end crashes. Accid Anal Prev 80:76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.036 Chen D, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Qu X, Zhang M, Wu C (2021) Driving style recognition under connected circumstance using a supervised hierarchical Bayesian model. J Adv Transp 2021:6687378. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6687378 Chen J, Wu Y, Huang H, Wu B, Hou G (2018) Driving-data-driven platform of driving behavior spectrum for vehicle networks. 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 4th International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS), 518–525. https://doi.org/10.1109/HPCC/SmartCity/DSS.2018.00099 Chhabra R, Verma S, Krishna CR (2017) A survey on driver behavior detection techniques for intelligent transportation systems. 2017 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science Engineering - Confluence, 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2017.7943120 Choi S, Kim J, Kwak D, Angkititrakul P, Hansen JH (2007) Analysis and classification of driver behavior using in-vehicle can-bus information. Biennial Workshop on DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems 17–19 Chu D, Deng Z, He Y, Wu C, Sun C, Lu Z (2017) Curve speed model for driver assistance based on driving style classification. IET Intel Transport Syst 11(8):501–510. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2016.0294 del Campo I, Asua E, Martínez V, Mata-Carballeira Ó, Echanobe J (2018) Driving style recognition based on ride comfort using a hybrid machine learning algorithm. 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 3251–3258. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569722 Deng C, Wu C, Lyu N, Huang Z (2017) Driving style recognition method using braking characteristics based on hidden Markov model. PLoS ONE 12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182419 Deng Z, Chu D, Wu C, He Y, Cui J (2018) Curve safe speed model considering driving style based on driver behaviour questionnaire. Transp Res Part F: Traffic Psychol Behav 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.02.007 Deng Z, Chu D, Wu C, Liu S, Sun C, Liu T, Cao D (2022) A probabilistic model for driving-style-recognition-enabled driver steering behaviors. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern: Syst 52(3):1838–1851. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2020.3037229 Ding X, Chong X, Bao Z, Xue Y, Zhang S (2017) Fuzzy comprehensive assessment method based on the entropy weight method and its application in the water environmental safety evaluation of the Heshangshan drinking water source area, three gorges reservoir area, China. Water 9(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050329 Ding Z, Zhu M, Wu Z, Fu Y, Liu X (2018) Combining AHP-Entropy approach with GIS for construction waste landfill selection—a case study of Shenzhen. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102254 Dong W, Li J, Yao R, Li C, Yuan T, Wang L (2016) Characterizing driving styles with deep learning. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1607.03611 Dong Y, Hu Z, Uchimura K, Murayama N (2011) Driver inattention monitoring system for intelligent vehicles: a review. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(2):596–614. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2010.2092770 Dörr D, Grabengiesser D, Gauterin F (2014) Online driving style recognition using fuzzy logic. 17th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Qingdao, China, pp. 1021–1026. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2014.6957822 Eftekhari HR, Ghatee M (2018) Hybrid of discrete wavelet transform and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for overall driving behavior recognition. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav 58:782–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.06.044 Engelken M, Römer B, Drescher M, Welpe IM, Picot A (2016) Comparing drivers, barriers, and opportunities of business models for renewable energies: A review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 60:795–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.163 Feraud IS, Naranjo JE (2019) Are you a good driver? A data-driven approach to estimate driving style. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation, 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3307363.3307375 Feraud M, Galland S (2017) First comparison of SARL to other agent-programming languages and frameworks. Procedia Comput Sci 109:1080–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.389 Fugiglando U, Massaro E, Santi P, Milardo S, Abida K, Stahlmann R, Netter F, Ratti C (2019) Driving behavior analysis through CAN bus data in an uncontrolled environment. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(2):737–748. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2836308 Garrosa M, Olmeda E, del Toro S, Díaz V (2021) Holistic vehicle instrumentation for assessing driver driving styles. Sensors 21(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041427 Guo Y, Yang XJ (2021) Modeling and predicting trust dynamics in human-robot teaming: a Bayesian inference approach. Int J Soc Robot 13(8):1899–1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00703-3 Guo Z, Pan Y, Zhao G, Cao S, Zhang J (2018) Detection of driver vigilance level using EEG signals and driving contexts. IEEE Trans Reliab 67(1):370–380. https://doi.org/10.1109/TR.2017.2778754 Han W, Wang W, Li X, Xi J (2019) Statistical-based approach for driving style recognition using Bayesian probability with kernel density estimation. IET Intell Transp Syst 13. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2017.0379 Huang L, Dong ZH, Zhang RM (2018) Analysis of driving behavior based on random forest. Wireless Int Technol 15(7):72–76 Hui F, Peng N, Jing SC, Zhou Q, Jia S (2018) Driving behavior clustering and anomaly detection method based on agglomeration level. Comput Eng 44(12):196–201. https://doi.org/10.19678/j.issn.1000-3428.0050708 Ishibashi M, Okuwa M, Doi S, Akamatsu M (2007) Indices for characterizing driving style and their relevance to car following behavior. SICE Ann Conf 2007:1132–1137. https://doi.org/10.1109/SICE.2007.4421155 Itkonen T, Lehtonen E, Selpi S (2020) Characterisation of motorway driving style using naturalistic driving data. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav 69:72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.01.003 Jabbar R, Shinoy M, Kharbeche M, Al-Khalifa K, Krichen M, Barkaoui K (2020) Driver drowsiness detection model using convolutional neural networks techniques for android application. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Informatics, IoT, and Enabling Technologies (ICIoT), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIoT48696.2020.9089484 Jian J-Y, Bisantz AM, Drury CG (2000) Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. Int J Cogn Ergon 4(1):53–71. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327566IJCE0401_04 Kuderer M, Gulati S, Burgard W (2015) Learning driving styles for autonomous vehicles from demonstration. IEEE Int Conf Robot Autom (ICRA) 2015:2641–2646. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2015.7139555 Lee KW, Yoon HS, Song JM, Park KR (2018) Convolutional neural network-based classification of driver’s emotion during aggressive and smooth driving using multi-modal camera sensors. Sensors (Switzerland) 18(4):14–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18040957 Li G, Li SE, Cheng B, Green P (2017) Estimation of driving style in naturalistic highway traffic using maneuver transition probabilities. Transp Res Part C: Emerg Technol 74:113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.11.011 Li JW, Zhao ZG, Shen PH, Guo QY (2018) Research on k-means clustering and recognition method of driving style. Autom Technol 12:8–12 Li M, Song X, Cao H, Wang J, Huang Y, Hu C, Wang H (2019) Shared control with a novel dynamic authority allocation strategy based on game theory and driving safety field. Mech Syst Signal Process 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.01.040 Lin C-T, Liang S-F, Chao W-H, Ko L-W, Chao C-F, Chen Y-C, Huang T-Y (2006) Driving style classification by analyzing EEG responses to unexpected obstacle dodging tasks. 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 6, 4916–4919. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2006.385084 Lin N, Zong C, Tomizuka M, Song P, Zhang Z, Li G (2014) An overview on study of identification of driver behavior characteristics for automotive control. Math Probl Eng 2014:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/569109 Liu T, Yang Y, Huang G-B, Yeo YK, Lin Z (2016) Driver distraction detection using semi-supervised machine learning. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 17(4):1108–1120. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2015.2496157 Liu W, Deng K, Zhang X, Cheng Y, Zheng Z, Jiang F, Peng J (2020) A semi-supervised tri-catboost method for driving style recognition. Symmetry 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030336 Lu M (2011) Comparison of driver classification based on subjective evaluation and objective experiment. Transportation Research Board, 90th Annual Meeting, Washington DC Lv C, Hu X, Sangiovanni-Vincentelli A, Li Y, Martinez CM, Cao D (2019) Driving-style-based codesign optimization of an automated electric vehicle: a cyber-physical system approach. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 66(4):2965–2975. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2850031 Ma J, Gu J, Jia H, Yao Z, Chang R (2018) The Relationship between drivers’ cognitive fatigue and speed variability during monotonous daytime driving. Front Psychol 9:459. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00459 Manawadu U, Ishikawa M, Kamezaki M, Sugano S (2015) Analysis of individual driving experience in autonomous and human-driven vehicles using a driving simulator. IEEE Int Conf Adv Intell Mechatron (AIM) 2015:299–304. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2015.7222548 Marina Martinez C, Heuke M, Gao B, Cao D (2017) Driving style recognition for intelligent vehicle control and advance driver assistance: a survey. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst, PP. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2017.2706978 Martinelli F, Mercaldo F, Orlando A, Nardone V, Santone A, Sangaiah AK (2020) Human behavior characterization for driving style recognition in vehicle system. Comput Electr Eng 83:102504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2017.12.050 Martinussen LM, Møller M, Prato CG (2014) Assessing the relationship between the driver behavior questionnaire and the driver skill inventory: revealing sub-groups of drivers. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav 26:82–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.06.008 Meseguer J, Calafate C, Cano J-C (2018) On the correlation between heart rate and driving style in real driving scenarios. Mob Netw Appl 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0833-x Mohamed R, MohdYusof M, Wahid N (2018) A comparative study of feature selection techniques for bat algorithm in various applications. MATEC Web of Conferences 150:6006. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815006006 Mohammed A, Yazid MRM, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA, Garfan S, Zaidan RA, Ameen HA, Kareem ZH, Malik RQ (2021) A landscape of research on bus driver behavior: taxonomy, open challenges, motivations, recommendations, limitations, and pathways solution in future. IEEE Access 9:139896–139927. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3102222 Møller M, Haustein S (2013) Keep on cruising: Changes in lifestyle and driving style among male drivers between the age of 18 and 23. Transport Res F: Traffic Psychol Behav 20:59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.05.003 Nakamura RYM, Pereira LAM, Costa KA, Rodrigues D, Papa JP, Yang X-S (2012) BBA: A Binary Bat Algorithm for feature selection. 2012 25th SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images, 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIBGRAPI.2012.47 Gharrad H, Jabeur N, Yasar AU-H, Galland S, Mbarki M (2021) A five-step drone collaborative planning approach for the management of distributed spatial events and vehicle notification using multi-agent systems and firefly algorithms. Comput Netw 198:108282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108282. (ISSN 1389-1286) Ouali T, Shah N, Kim B, Fuente D, Gao B (2016) Driving style identification algorithm with real-world data based on statistical approach. https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1422 Outay F, Jabeur N, Haddad H, Bouyahia Z, Gharrad H (2021) Toward an intelligent driving behavior adjustment based on legal personalized policies within the context of connected vehicles. Front Built Environ 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.686732 Palat B, Saint Pierre G, Delhomme P (2019) Evaluating individual risk proneness with vehicle dynamics and self-report data - toward the efficient detection of At-risk drivers. Accid Anal Prev 123:140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.016 Panagopoulos G, Pavlidis I (2020) Forecasting markers of habitual driving behaviors associated with crash risk. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 21(2):841–851. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2019.2910157 Pugnetti C, Elmer S (2020) Self-assessment of driving style and the willingness to share personal information. J Risk Financ Manag 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13030053 Qi G, Wu J, Zhou Y, Du Y, Jia Y, Hounsell N, Stanton NA (2019) Recognizing driving styles based on topic models. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 66:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.05.002 Qi W, Shen B, Dong L, Wang Z, Zeng K (2018) Evaluation method of taxi drivers’; stress level based on DBQ and MDSI. In CICTP 2018, pp 2012–2019. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784481523.200 Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Taheri M, Etesamifard T, Roshanaei G, Shirahmadi S (2020) Dimensions of aberrant driving behaviors and their association with road traffic injuries among drivers. PloS One 15(9):e0238728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238728 Wang XS, Bian Z (2018) Recognition and prediction of driving behavior based on bayesian model. J Commun 39:108–117 Schorr J, Hamdar SH, Silverstein C (2017) Measuring the safety impact of road infrastructure systems on driver behavior: vehicle instrumentation and real world driving experiment. J Intell Transp Syst 21(5):364–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2016.1198699 Syed F, Nallapa S, Dobryden A, Grand C, McGee R, Filev D (2010) Design and analysis of an adaptive real-time advisory system for improving real world fuel economy in a hybrid electric vehicle. SAE Tech Pap. https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0835 Tanveer H, Mubasher MM, Jaffry SW (2020) Integrating human panic factor in intelligent driver model. 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Computational Sciences, ICACS 2020, 0–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACS47775.2020.9055947 Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Mikulincer M, Gillath O (2004) The multidimensional driving style inventory—scale construct and validation. Accid Anal Prev 36(3):323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00010-1 Vaiana R, Iuele T, Astarita V, Caruso MV, Tassitani A, Zaffino C, Giofré V (2014) Driving behavior and traffic safety: an acceleration-based safety evaluation procedure for smartphones. Mod Appl Sci 8:88–96. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v8n1p88 van Huysduynen H, Terken J, Eggen B (2018) The relation between self-reported driving style and driving behaviour. A simulator study. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.04.017 Van Ly M, Martin S, Trivedi MM (2013) Driver classification and driving style recognition using inertial sensors. IEEE Intell Veh Symposium (IV) 2013:1040–1045. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2013.6629603 Wang J, Zheng Y, Li X, Yu C, Kodaka K, Li K (2015) Driving risk assessment using near-crash database through data mining of tree-based model. Accid Anal Prev 84:54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.007 Wang P, Fu Y, Zhang J, Wang P, Zheng Y, Aggarwal C (2018) You are how you drive: peer and temporal-aware representation learning for driving behavior analysis. Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, 2457–2466. https://doi.org/10.1145/3219819.3219985 Wang Q, Zhang R, Wang Y, Lv S (2020) Machine learning-based driving style identification of truck drivers in open-pit mines. Electronics 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010019 Wang R, Lukic SM (2011) Review of driving conditions prediction and driving style recognition based control algorithms for hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE Veh Power Prop Conf 2011:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2011.6043061 Wang W, Xi J, Chong A, Li L (2017) Driving style classification using a semisupervised support vector machine. IEEE Trans Human Mach Syst 47(5):650–660. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2017.2736948 Wang W, Xi J, Zhao D (2019) Driving style analysis using primitive driving patterns with Bayesian nonparametric approaches. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(8):2986–2998. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2870525 Wang X, Wang H (2020) Cluster analysis for driving behavior of dangerous goods transportation based on data mining. IEEE Access, PP 1. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2964648 Wen H, Yang XM, Wu CZ (2018) Analysis of driving behavior characteristics of commercial vehicles under big data environment. Traf Inf Security 36(4):42–50 Wu M, Zhang S, Dong Y (2016) A novel model-based driving behavior recognition system using motion sensors. Sensors 16(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101746 Wu ZH, Wu ZC, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen J (2018) Research on driving behavior evaluation based on fuzzy c-means and neural network. Computer Sys Appl 27(3):263–267. https://doi.org/10.15888/j.cnki.csa.006256 Wu ZX, He YT, Yu LJ, Fu L, Chen P (2018) Research on driving style recognition algorithm based on big data. Autom Technol 10:10–15. https://doi.org/10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20181053 Würtz S, Göhner U (2020) Driving style analysis using recurrent neural networks with LSTM cells 11:1. https://doi.org/10.12720/jait.11.1.1-9 Yang L, Ma R, Zhang HM, Guan W, Jiang S (2018) Driving behavior recognition using EEG data from a simulated car-following experiment. Accid Anal Prev 116:30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.010 Yang X-S (2010) A new metaheuristic bat-inspired algorithm 284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12538-6_6 Yang X-S (2012) Bat algorithm for multi-objective optimisation. Int J Bio-Inspired Comput 3. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIC.2011.042259 Zhang X, Huang Y, Guo K, Li W (2019) Driving style classification for vehicle-following with unlabeled naturalistic driving data. IEEE Veh Power Prop Conf (VPPC) 2019:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC46532.2019.8952462 Zhu X, Hu X, Chiu YC (2013) Design of driving behavior pattern measurements using smartphone global positioning system data. Int J Transp Sci Technol 2(4):269–288. https://doi.org/10.1260/2046-0430.2.4.269 Zhu Y, Tian D, Yan F (2020) Effectiveness of entropy weight method in decision-making. Math Probl Eng 2020:3564835. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3564835