An insight on the association of glycation with hepatocellular carcinoma

Seminars in Cancer Biology - Tập 49 - Trang 56-63 - 2018
Nasimudeen R. Jabir1, Saheem Ahmad2, Shams Tabrez1
1King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226021, India

Tài liệu tham khảo

Zhu, 2016, Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in the asia-Pacific region, Gut and Liver, 10, 332, 10.5009/gnl15257 Ferlay, 2010, Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008, Int. J. Cancer, 127, 2893, 10.1002/ijc.25516 Hartwell, 2014, Prolactin prevents hepatocellular carcinoma by restricting innate immune activation of c-Myc in mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 111, 11455, 10.1073/pnas.1404267111 Forner, 2012, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Lancet (London, England), 379, 1245, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61347-0 Chelliah, 2016, Hepatocellular carcinoma with prominent intracytoplasmic inclusions: a report of two cases, Case Rep. Hepatol., 2016, 2032714 Sanyal, 2010, The etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and consequences for treatment, Oncologist, 15, 14, 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-S4-14 Esrefoglu, 2013, Role of stem cells in repair of liver injury: experimental and clinical benefit of transferred stem cells on liver failure, World J. Gastroenterol., 19, 6757, 10.3748/wjg.v19.i40.6757 Hernandez-Gea, 2013, Role of the microenvironment in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, Gastroenterol, 144, 512, 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.002 Shlomai, 2014, Virus associated malignancies: the role of viral hepatitis in hepatocellular carcinoma, Semin. Cancer Biol., 26, 78, 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.01.004 Dhanasekaran, 2016, Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and impact of therapeutic advances, F1000Res., 5, 10.12688/f1000research.6946.1 Whittaker, 2010, The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, Oncogene, 29, 4989, 10.1038/onc.2010.236 Li, 2015, Hyperglycemia and chronic liver diseases on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes-national cohort of Taiwan Diabetes Study, Int. J. Cancer, 136, 2668, 10.1002/ijc.29321 Ashraf, 2016, Aslam yusuf M, ahmad S: DNA glycation from 3-Deoxyglucosone leads to the formation of AGEs: potential role in cancer auto-antibodies, Cell Biochem. Biophys., 74, 67, 10.1007/s12013-015-0713-6 Tabrez, 2015, Lycopene powers the inhibition of glycation-induced diabetic nephropathy: a novel approach to halt the AGE-RAGE axis menace, BioFactors (Oxford, England), 41, 372, 10.1002/biof.1238 Khan, 2016, Glycation induced generation of amyloid fibril structures by glucose metabolites, Protein Pept. Lett., 23, 892, 10.2174/0929866523666160831153858 Ott, 2014, Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling, Redox Biol., 2, 411, 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.016 Balogh, 2016, Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review, J. Hepatocell Carcinoma, 3, 41, 10.2147/JHC.S61146 Wang, 2012, Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, Int. J. Cancer, 130, 1639, 10.1002/ijc.26165 Gao, 2013, Potential role of diabetes mellitus in the progression of cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma: a cross-sectional case-control study from Chinese patients with HBV infection, Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int., 12, 385, 10.1016/S1499-3872(13)60060-0 Rinella, 2015, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, JAMA, 313, 2263, 10.1001/jama.2015.5370 Gallagher, 2010, The proliferating role of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in cancer, ABBV Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 21, 610, 10.1016/j.tem.2010.06.007 Chalasani, 2012, Gastroenterology, 142, 1592, 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.001 Larsson, 2007, Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, Br. J. Cancer, 97, 1005, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603932 Ryu, 2014, Hyperglycemia as a risk factor for cancer progression, Diabetes Metab. J., 38, 330, 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.330 Boroughs, 2015, Metabolic pathways promoting cancer cell survival and growth, Nat. Cell Biol., 17, 351, 10.1038/ncb3124 Huang, 2016, Hepatocellular carcinoma redirects to ketolysis for progression under nutrition deprivation stress, Cell Res., 26, 1112, 10.1038/cr.2016.109 Graham, 2012, Glucose deprivation activates a metabolic and signaling amplification loop leading to cell death, Mol. Syst. Biol., 8, 589, 10.1038/msb.2012.20 Lee, 2000, Dominant-negative Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK-1) inhibits metabolic oxidative stress during glucose deprivation in a human breast carcinoma cell line, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 28, 575, 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00267-1 Ahmad, 2011, Genotoxicity and immunogenicity of DNA-advanced glycation end products formed by methylglyoxal and lysine in presence of Cu2+, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 407, 568, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.064 Akhter, 2016, Detection of circulating auto-antibodies against ribosylated-LDL in diabetes patients, J. Clin. Lab. Anal. Ahmad, 2016, Impact of non-enzymatic glycation in neurodegenerative diseases: role of natural products in prevention, Adv. Neurobiol., 12, 125, 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_8 Ahmad, 2015, Protein glycation a firm link to cause metabolic disease and their complications, J. Glyco. Lipidom., 5 Ahmad, 2017, A glycation angle to look into the Diabetic Vasculopathy: cause and Cure, Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 15, 352, 10.2174/1570161115666170327162639 Faisal, 2017, Immunoglobulin-G glycation by Fructose leads to structural perturbations and drop off in free Lysine and Arginine residues, Protein Pept. Lett., 24, 241, 10.2174/0929866524666170117142723 Ahmad, 2013, Studies on glycation of human low density lipoprotein: a functional insight into physico-chemical analysis, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 62, 167, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.037 Rahim, 2014, Glycation-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles inhibit growth of bone cancer cells, Colloids Surf. B, Biointerfaces, 117, 473, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.008 Ahmad, 2014, Glycoxidative damage to human DNA: neo-antigenic epitopes on DNA molecule could be a possible reason for autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes, Glycobiol, 24, 281, 10.1093/glycob/cwt109 Ahmad, 2014, Glycoxidation of biological macromolecules: a critical approach to halt the menace of glycation, Glycobiology, 24, 979, 10.1093/glycob/cwu057 Ashraf, 2014, Physicochemical analysis of structural alteration and advanced glycation end products generation during glycation of H2A histone by 3-deoxyglucosone, IUBMB Life, 66, 686, 10.1002/iub.1318 Shahab, 2014, Immunogenicity of DNA-advanced glycation end product fashioned through glyoxal and arginine in the presence of Fe3⁺: its potential role in prompt recognition of diabetes mellitus auto-antibodies, Chem. Biol. Interact., 219, 229, 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.012 Ashraf, 2015, 3-Deoxyglucosone: a potential glycating agent accountable for structural alteration in H3 histone protein through generation of different AGEs, PLoS One, 10, e0116804, 10.1371/journal.pone.0116804 Sadowska-Bartosz, 2015, Prevention of protein glycation by natural compounds, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 20, 3309, 10.3390/molecules20023309 Younus, 2016, Prevention of non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation): Implication in the treatment of diabetic complication, Int, J, Health Sci., 10, 261 Grote, 2012, The associations of advanced glycation end products and its soluble receptor with pancreatic cancer risk: a case-control study within the prospective EPIC Cohort, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 21, 619, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1139 Ashraf, 2015, Recent advances in detection of AGEs: immunochemical, bioanalytical and biochemical approaches, IUBMB Life, 67, 897, 10.1002/iub.1450 Ashraf, 2015, Glycation of H1 histone by 3-deoxyglucosone: effects on protein structure and generation of different advanced glycation end products, PLoS One, 10, e0130630, 10.1371/journal.pone.0130630 Yan, 2008, Mechanisms of disease: advanced glycation end-products and their receptor in inflammation and diabetes complications, Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab., 4, 285, 10.1038/ncpendmet0786 Abe, 2008, AGE-RAGE system and carcinogenesis, Curr. Pharm. Des., 14, 940, 10.2174/138161208784139765 Rojas, 2010, Fueling inflammation at tumor microenvironment: the role of multiligand/RAGE axis, Carcinogenesis, 31, 334, 10.1093/carcin/bgp322 Kalea, 2011, Alternative splicing of RAGE: roles in biology and disease, Front. Biosci. (Landmark Edition), 16, 2756, 10.2741/3884 Takino, 2010, Cancer malignancy is enhanced by glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products, J. Oncol., 2010, 739852, 10.1155/2010/739852 Rodriguez-Teja, 2015, AGE-modified basement membrane cooperates with Endo180 to promote epithelial cell invasiveness and decrease prostate cancer survival, J. Pathol., 235, 581, 10.1002/path.4485 Sharaf, 2015, Al Abdulrahman A, Ahmed N Advanced glycation endproducts increase proliferation, migration and invasion of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1852, 429, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.009 Palimeri, 2015, Current perspectives on the health risks associated with the consumption of advanced glycation end products: recommendations for dietary management, Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes., 8, 415 Jiao, 2011, Advanced glycation end products, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, and risk of colorectal cancer, Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 20, 1430, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0066 Jiao, 2011, Evidence that serum levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products are inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk: a prospective study, Cancer Res., 71, 3582, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2573 Lin, 2016, Glycative stress from advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and dicarbonyls: an emerging biological factor in cancer onset and progression, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 60, 1850, 10.1002/mnfr.201500759 Levental, 2009, Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling, Cell, 139, 891, 10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.027 Wu, 2011, Inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation by foodstuffs, Food Funct., 2, 224, 10.1039/c1fo10026b van Heijst, 2005, Advanced glycation end products in human cancer tissues: detection of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and argpyrimidine, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1043, 725, 10.1196/annals.1333.084 Bachmeier, 2008, Maillard products as biomarkers in cancer, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1126, 283, 10.1196/annals.1433.057 Kislinger, 1999, Du Yan S, Hofmann M, Yan SF, Pischetsrieder M, Stern D, Schmidt AM: N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine adducts of proteins are ligands for receptor for advanced glycation end products that activate cell signaling pathways and modulate gene expression, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 31740, 10.1074/jbc.274.44.31740 Ahmed, 2009, N(epsilon)-(Carboxymethyl)lysine and Coronary atherosclerosis-Associated low density lipoprotein abnormalities in type 2 diabetes: current status, J. Clin .Biochem. Nutr, 44, 14, 10.3164/jcbn.08-190 Stopper, 2003, Genotoxicity of advanced glycation end products in mammalian cells, Cancer Lett., 190, 151, 10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00626-2 Schalkwijk, 2004, Increased accumulation of the glycoxidation product Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine in hearts of diabetic patients: generation and characterisation of a monoclonal anti-CML antibody, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1636, 82, 10.1016/j.bbalip.2003.07.002 Gaens, 2012, Endogenous formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine is increased in fatty livers and induces inflammatory markers in an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis, J. Hepatol., 56, 647, 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.07.028 Moy, 2013, Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and risk of liver cancer, Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 57, 2338, 10.1002/hep.26264 Sell, 1993, Differential effects of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus on pentosidine formation in skin and glomerular basement membrane, Diabetologia, 36, 936, 10.1007/BF02374476 Kilhovd, 2003, Increased serum levels of the specific AGE-compound methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone in patients with type 2 diabetes, Metab. Clin. Exp., 52, 163, 10.1053/meta.2003.50035 Mera, 2008, Immunological detection of N omega-(Carboxymethyl)arginine by a specific antibody, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1126, 155, 10.1196/annals.1433.000 Fang, 2014, Collagen as a double-edged sword in tumor progression, Tumour Biol., 35, 2871, 10.1007/s13277-013-1511-7 Desgrosellier, 2010, Integrins in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 10, 9, 10.1038/nrc2748 Roberts, 2003, DNA damage by carbonyl stress in human skin cells, Mut. Res., 522, 45, 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00232-4 Guo, 2012, Translocation of HSP27 into liver cancer cell nucleus may be associated with phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc glycosylation, Oncol. Rep., 28, 494, 10.3892/or.2012.1844 Matveenko, 2016, Impaired chaperone activity of human heat shock protein hsp27 site-Specifically modified with argpyrimidine, Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English), 55, 11397, 10.1002/anie.201605366 Thornalley, 2008, Protein and nucleotide damage by glyoxal and methylglyoxal in physiological systems–role in ageing and disease, Drug Metabol. Drug Interact., 23, 125 Kalluri, 2003, Basement membranes: structure, assembly and role in tumour angiogenesis, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 3, 422, 10.1038/nrc1094 Khan, 2016, Denaturation induced aggregation in α-crystallin: differential action of chaotropes, J. Mol. Recognit., 29, 536, 10.1002/jmr.2553 Khan, 2016, Effect of trifluoroethanol on α-crystallin: folding, aggregation, amyloid, and cytotoxicity analysis, J. Mol. Recognit., 29, 33, 10.1002/jmr.2493 Khan, 2015, Oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity of glycated albumin: comparative analysis of glycation by glucose metabolites, J. Fluoresc., 25, 1721, 10.1007/s10895-015-1658-2 Rabbani, 2016, Dicarbonyls and glyoxalase in disease mechanisms and clinical therapeutics, Glycoconj. J., 33, 513, 10.1007/s10719-016-9705-z Piperi, 2017, Potential of glycative stress targeting for cancer prevention, Cancer Lett., 390, 153, 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.020 Takahashi, 1989, Effects of glyoxal and methylglyoxal administration on gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats after initiation with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, Carcinogenesis, 10, 1925, 10.1093/carcin/10.10.1925 Ichinose, 2004, Liver carcinogenesis and formation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in C3H/HeN mice by oxidized dietary oils containing carcinogenic dicarbonyl compounds, Food Chem. Toxicol., 42, 1795, 10.1016/j.fct.2004.06.011 Chiavarina, 2017, Methylglyoxal-mediated stress correlates with high metabolic activity and promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18, 10.3390/ijms18010213 Oya-Ito, 2011, Heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) as a target of methylglyoxal in gastrointestinal cancer, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1812, 769, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.017 Loarca, 2013, Two α-dicarbonyls downregulate migration, invasion, and adhesion of liver cancer cells in a p53-dependent manner, Dig. Liver Dis., 45, 938, 10.1016/j.dld.2013.05.005 Takino, 2012, Glycer-AGEs-RAGE signaling enhances the angiogenic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating VEGF expression, World J. Gastroenterol., 18, 1781, 10.3748/wjg.v18.i15.1781 Cervello, 2006, Cyclooxygenases in hepatocellular carcinoma, World J. Gastroenterol., 12, 5113, 10.3748/wjg.v12.i32.5113 Pusterla, 2013, Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a key regulator of oval cell activation and inflammation-associated liver carcinogenesis in mice, Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 58, 363, 10.1002/hep.26395 Sims, 2010, HMGB1 and RAGE in inflammation and cancer, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 28, 367, 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132603 Fehrenbach, 1998, Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) exhibits highly differential cellular and subcellular localisation in rat and human lung, Cell. Mol. Biol., 44, 1147 Soro-Paavonen, 2008, Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) deficiency attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes, Diabetes, 57, 2461, 10.2337/db07-1808 Srikrishna, 2002, -Glycans on the receptor for advanced glycation end products influence amphoterin binding and neurite outgrowth, J. Neurochem., 80, 998, 10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00796.x Gu, 2006, Role of receptor for advanced glycation end-products and signalling events in advanced glycation end-product-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in differentiated mouse podocytes, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 21, 299, 10.1093/ndt/gfi210 Ramasamy, 2009, RAGE: therapeutic target and biomarker of the inflammatory response–the evidence mounts, J. Leukoc. Biol., 86, 505, 10.1189/jlb.0409230 Park, 2011, RAGE and cardiovascular disease, Front. Biosci. (Landmark Edition), 16, 486, 10.2741/3700 Lee, 2013, Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), its ligands, and soluble RAGE: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for human renal diseases, Genom. Inf., 11, 224, 10.5808/GI.2013.11.4.224 Bhawal, 2005, Association of expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products and invasive activity of oral squamous cell carcinoma, Oncology, 69, 246, 10.1159/000087910 Kuniyasu, 2002, Expression of receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is closely associated with the invasive and metastatic activity of gastric cancer, J. Pathol., 196, 163, 10.1002/path.1031 Su, 2015, Effects of RAGE gene polymorphisms on the risk and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, Medicine (Baltimore), 94, e1396, 10.1097/MD.0000000000001396 Hyogo, 2008, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their involvement in liver disease, Curr. Pharm. Des., 14, 969, 10.2174/138161208784139701 Hiwatashi, 2008, A novel function of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in association with tumorigenesis and tumor differentiation of HCC, Ann. Surg. Oncol., 15, 923, 10.1245/s10434-007-9698-8 Yamagishi, 2015, Role of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in liver disease, Eur. J. Med. Res., 20, 15, 10.1186/s40001-015-0090-z Biswas, 2015, Relationship of soluble RAGE with insulin resistance and beta cell function during development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, J. Diabetes Res., 2015, e150325, 10.1155/2015/150325 Zeng, 2004, Blockade of receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) attenuates ischemia and reperfusion injury to the liver in mice Hepatology, Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 39, 422, 10.1002/hep.20045 Kuhla, 2011, Role of age and uncoupling protein-2 in oxidative stress, RAGE/AGE interaction and inflammatory liver injury, Exp. Gerontol., 46, 868, 10.1016/j.exger.2011.07.008 Iwamoto, 2008, Advanced glycation end products enhance the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells, J. Gastroenterol., 43, 298, 10.1007/s00535-007-2152-7 Zeng, 2009, Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE)-dependent modulation of early growth response-1 in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, J. Hepatol., 50, 929, 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.11.022 Yan, 2012, High-mobility group Box 1 Box 1 activates caspase-1 and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness and metastases, Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 55, 1863, 10.1002/hep.25572 D'Adamo, 2011, What is the significance of soluble and endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products in liver steatosis in obese prepubertal children?, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 14, 1167, 10.1089/ars.2010.3719 Michelotti, 2013, NAFLD,NASH and liver cancer, Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 10, 656, 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.183 Yaser, 2012, The Role of receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) in the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 5982, 10.3390/ijms13055982 Chen, 2014, The role of HMGB1-RAGE axis in migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 390, 271, 10.1007/s11010-014-1978-6 Pikarsky, 2004, NF-kappaB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer, Nature, 431, 461, 10.1038/nature02924 Su, 2015, RAGE gene polymorphism and environmental factor in the risk of oral cancer, J. Dent. Res., 94, 403, 10.1177/0022034514566215 Pan, 2013, Contributory role of five common polymorphisms of RAGE and APE1 genes in lung cancer among Han Chinese, PLoS One, 8, e69018, 10.1371/journal.pone.0069018 Chocholatý, 2015, Polymorphisms of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and glyoxalase I in patients with renal cancer, Tumour Biol., 36, 2121, 10.1007/s13277-014-2821-0 Jabir, 2017, Assessment of IL-18 serum level and its promoter polymorphisms in the saudi Coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, J. Cell. Biochem., 118, 1849, 10.1002/jcb.25870 Jabir, 2016, Assessment of genetic diversity in IL-6 and RANTES promoters and their level in Saudi coronary artery disease patients, J. Clin. Lab. Anal. Tabrez, 2017, A putative association of interleukin −10 promoter polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease, IUBMB Life, 10.1002/iub.1637 Tabrez, 2017, Estimation of interleukin-1β promoter (-31C/T and −511T/C) polymorphisms and its level in Coronary artery disease patients, J. Cell. Biochem., 10.1002/jcb.25958 Bansal, 2012, Advanced glycation end products enhance reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in neutrophils in vitro, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 361, 289, 10.1007/s11010-011-1114-9 Gkogkolou, 2012, Advanced glycation end products: key players in skin aging?, Dermatoendocrinol, 4, 259, 10.4161/derm.22028 Takamiya, 2003, Glycation proceeds faster in mutated Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutases related to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, FASEB J., 17, 938, 10.1096/fj.02-0768fje Basta, 2005, At least 2 distinct pathways generating reactive oxygen species mediate vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induction by advanced glycation end products, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 1401, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000167522.48370.5e Coughlan, 2009, RAGE-induced cytosolic ROS promote mitochondrial superoxide generation in diabetes, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 20, 742, 10.1681/ASN.2008050514 Neumann, 1999, High molecular weight hyaluronic acid inhibits advanced glycation endproduct-induced NF-kappaB activation and cytokine expression, FEBS Lett., 453, 283, 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00731-0 Janssen-Heininger, 2000, Recent advances towards understanding redox mechanisms in the activation of nuclear factor kappaB, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 28, 1317, 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00218-5 Requena, 2009, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O: Bovine glycomacropeptide induces cytokine production in human monocytes through the stimulation of the MAPK and the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathways, Br. J. Pharmacol., 157, 1232, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00195.x Muriel, 2009, Role of free radicals in liver diseases, Hepatol. Int., 3, 526, 10.1007/s12072-009-9158-6 Zhao, 2015, The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in cancer: alliance or contradiction? (Review), Int. J. Oncol., 47, 429, 10.3892/ijo.2015.3052 Weidinger, 2015, Biological activities of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: oxidative stress versus signal transduction, Biomolecules, 5, 472, 10.3390/biom5020472 Lin, 2001, Advanced glycosylation end products induce nitric oxide synthase expression in C6 glioma cells: involvement of a p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism, Life Sci., 69, 2503, 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01330-3 Chang, 2004, Advanced glycosylation end products induce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression via a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway, Kidney Int., 65, 1664, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00602.x Waris, 2006, Reactive oxygen species: role in the development of cancer and various chronic conditions, J. Carcinog., 5, 14, 10.1186/1477-3163-5-14