An innovative protocol to select the best growth phase for astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.

J. Roberto Benavente-Valdés, C. Aguilar, J. Carlos Contreras-Esquivel, A. Méndez-Zavala, J. Montañez, Strategies to enhance the production of photosynthetic pigments and lipids in chlorophycae species, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2016.04.001. Del Campo, 2007, Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: current state and perspectives, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 74, 1163, 10.1007/s00253-007-0844-9 Singh, 2012, Development of suitable photobioreactor for algae production - A review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 16, 2347, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.026 Wang, 2008, Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation-cultured Chlorella vulgaris, Bioelectromagnetics, 29, 39, 10.1002/bem.20360 Rao, 2010, Antibacterial properties of Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, Botryococcus braunii micro algal extracts, Curr. Trends Biotechnol. Pharm., 4, 809 Fábregas, 2000, Optimization of culture medium for the continuous cultivation of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 53, 530, 10.1007/s002530051652 Shah, 2016, Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: from Single Cell to High Value Commercial Products, Front, Plant Sci, 7 Pan, 2018, Preparation Of astaxanthin-loaded liposomes: characterization, storage stability and antioxidant activity, CYTA - J. Food., 16, 607, 10.1080/19476337.2018.1437080 Matos, 2017, Microalgae as healthy ingredients for functional food: a review, Food Funct, 8, 2672, 10.1039/C7FO00409E Luo, 2019, Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing of the Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga, Haematococcus pluvialis, Genome Biol. Evol., 11, 166, 10.1093/gbe/evy263 Guerin, 2003, Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition, Trends Biotechnol, 21, 210, 10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00078-7 Jin, 2006, Secondary Carotenoid Accumulation in Haematococcus (Chlorophyceae) Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Biotechnology, 16, 821 Chou, 2020, Purified Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Promotes Tissue Regeneration by Reducing Oxidative Stress and the Secretion of Collagen in Vitro and in Vivo, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 10.1155/2020/4946902 Lim, 2018, Astaxanthin as feed supplement in aquatic animals, Rev. Aquac., 10, 738, 10.1111/raq.12200 Goswami, 2010, The present perspective of astaxanthin with reference to biosynthesis and pharmacological importance, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 26, 1925, 10.1007/s11274-010-0373-z Radice, 2021, Effects of astaxanthin in animal models of obesity-associated diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 171, 156, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.008 Xia, 2020, The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Pharmacol. Res., 161, 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105113 Nishida, 2020, Astaxanthin stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin resistant muscle via activation of AMPK pathway, J. Cachexia. Sarcopenia Muscle., 11, 241, 10.1002/jcsm.12530 Galasso, 2018, On the neuroprotective role of astaxanthin: new perspectives?, Mar. Drugs., 16, 10.3390/md16080247 Grimmig, 2018, Astaxanthin is neuroprotective in an aged mouse model of Parkinson's disease, Oncotarget, 9, 10388, 10.18632/oncotarget.23737 Davinelli, 2018, Astaxanthin in skin health, repair, and disease: a comprehensive review, Nutrients, 10, 10.3390/nu10040522 Kim, 2019, Astaxanthin suppresses the metastasis of colon cancer by inhibiting the MYC-mediated downregulation of microRNA-29a-3p and microRNA-200a, Sci. Rep., 9, 1 Vidhyavathi, 2008, Regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes expression and carotenoid accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis under nutrient stress conditions, J. Exp. Bot., 59, 1409, 10.1093/jxb/ern048 Lemoine, 2010, Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response to stress, Photosynth. Res., 106, 155, 10.1007/s11120-010-9583-3 Sarada, 2006, An efficient method for extraction of astaxanthin from green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 7585, 10.1021/jf060737t Boussiba, 1991, Astaxanthin accumulation in the green alga haematococcus pluvialis, Plant Cell Physiol, 32, 1077, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078171 Liyanaarachchi, 2020, Astaxanthin accumulation in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: effect of initial phosphate concentration and stepwise/continuous light stress, Biotechnol. Reports., 28, e00538, 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00538 Kang, 2005, Comparison of heterotrophic and photoautotrophic induction on astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 68, 237, 10.1007/s00253-005-1889-2 Aflalo, 2007, On the relative efficiency of two- vs. one-stage production of astaxanthin by the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 98, 300, 10.1002/bit.21391 Olaizola, 2000, Commercial production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using 25,000-liter outdoor photobioreactors, J. Appl. Phycol., 499, 10.1023/A:1008159127672 Wayama, 2013, Three-Dimensional Ultrastructural Study of Oil and Astaxanthin Accumulation during Encystment in the Green Alga Haematococcuspluvialis, PLoS ONE, 8, 53618, 10.1371/journal.pone.0053618 Kobayashi, 1997, Morphological changes in the life cycle of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, J. Ferment. Bioeng., 84, 94, 10.1016/S0922-338X(97)82794-8 Triki, 2010, Gametogenesis in Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow (Volvocales, Chlorophyta), Phycologia, 36, 190, 10.2216/i0031-8884-36-3-190.1 Molino, 2018, Extraction of astaxanthin from microalga Haematococcus pluvialis in red phase by using generally recognized as safe solvents and accelerated extraction, J. Biotechnol., 283, 51, 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.010 Ota, 2018, Carotenoid dynamics and lipid droplet containing astaxanthin in response to light in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, Sci. Rep., 8, 1, 10.1038/s41598-018-23854-w Li, 2019, Accumulation of Astaxanthin Was Improved by the Nonmotile Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis, Biomed Res. Int. Tocquin, 2012, Screening for a low-cost Haematococcus pluvialis medium reveals an unexpected impact of a low N/P ratio on vegetative growth, J. Appl. Phycol., 24, 365, 10.1007/s10811-011-9771-3 Wellburn, 1994, The Spectral Determination of Chlorophylls a and b, as well as Total Carotenoids, Using Various Solvents with Spectrophotometers of Different Resolution, J. Plant Physiol., 144, 307, 10.1016/S0176-1617(11)81192-2 Praveenkumar, 2015, Breaking dormancy: an energy-efficient means of recovering astaxanthin from microalgae, Green Chem, 17, 1226, 10.1039/C4GC01413H Kim, 2016, Cell-wall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin extraction from microalgae: chlorella and Haematococcus, Bioresour. Technol., 199, 300, 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.107 Simpson, 2003, New insights on the structure of algaenan from Botryoccocus braunii race A and its hexane insoluble botryals based on multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and electrospray-mass spectrometry techniques, Phytochemistry, 62, 783, 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00628-3 Nahidian, 2018, Effect of nutrients on the growth and physiological features of newly isolated Haematococcus pluvialis TMU, Bioresour. Technol., 255, 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.130 Bai, 2020, Nanosecond pulsed electric fields modulate the expression of the astaxanthin biosynthesis genes psy, crtR-b and bkt 1 in Haematococcus pluvialis, Sci. Rep., 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-72479-5 Martínez, 2019, Use of pulsed electric field permeabilization to extract astaxanthin from the Nordic microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, Bioresour. Technol., 289, 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121694 Wang, 2018, Accurate quantification of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using DMSO extraction and lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis pretreatment, Algal Res, 35, 427, 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.029 Chekanov, 2014, Accumulation of astaxanthin by a new Haematococcus pluvialis strain BM1 from the white sea coastal rocks (Russia), Mar. Drugs., 12, 4504, 10.3390/md12084504