An enhanced temperature index model for debris-covered glaciers accounting for thickness effect

Benn, 2012, Response of debris-covered glaciers in the mount everest region to recent warming, and implications for outburst flood hazards, Earth-Sci. Rev., 114, 156, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.008 Brock, 2010, Meteorology and surface energy fluxes in the 2005-2007 ablation seasons at the Miage debris-covered glacier, Mont Blanc Massif, Italian Alps, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D09106, 10.1029/2009JD013224 Brown, 2014, An integrated modeling system for estimating glacier and snow melt driven streamflow from remote sensing and earth system data products in the Himalayas, J. Hydrol., 519, 1859, 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.050 Buri, 2016, A grid-based model of backwasting of supraglacial ice cliffs over debris-covered glaciers, A. Glaciol., 57, 199, 10.3189/2016AoG71A059 Carenzo, 2012 Carenzo, 2009, Assessing the transferability and robustness of an enhanced–temperature index glacier melt model, J. Glaciol., 55, 258, 10.3189/002214309788608804 Criss, 2008, Do Nash values have value? Discussion and alternate proposals, Hydrol. Process., 22, 2723, 10.1002/hyp.7072 Evatt, 2015, Glacial melt under a porous debris layer, J. Glaciol., 61, 825, 10.3189/2015JoG14J235 Foster, 2012, A physically-based method for estimating supraglacial debris thickness from thermal band remote sensing data, J. Glaciol., 58, 677, 10.3189/2012JoG11J194 Fyffe, 2014, A distributed energy-balance melt model of an alpine debris-covered glacier, J. Glaciol., 60, 10.3189/2014JoG13J148 Gardelle, 2012, Slight mass gain of Karakoram glaciers in the early twenty-first century, Nat. Geosci., 10.1038/ngeo1450 Gardelle, 2013, Region-wide glacier mass balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999-2011, Cryosphere, 7, 975, 10.5194/tcd-7-975-2013 Hock, 2005, Glacier melt: a review of processes and their modelling, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 29, 362, 10.1191/0309133305pp453ra Immerzeel, 2012, Hydrological response to climate change in a glacierized catchment in the Himalayas, Climatic Change, 110, 721, 10.1007/s10584-011-0143-4 Immerzeel, 2013, Rising river flows throughout the twenty-first century in two Himalayan glacierized watersheds, Nat. Geosci., 6, 742, 10.1038/ngeo1896 Jouvet, 2011, Modelling the retreat of Grosser Aletschgletscher, Switzerland, in a changing climate, J. Glaciol., 57, 1033, 10.3189/002214311798843359 Kääb, 2012, Contrasting patterns of early twenty-first-century glacier mass change in the Himalayas, Nature, 488, 495, 10.1038/nature11324 Krause, 2005, Comparison of different efficiency criteria for hydrological model assessment, Adv. Geosci., 5, 89, 10.5194/adgeo-5-89-2005 Legates, 1999, Evaluating the use of goodness-of-fit measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation, Water Resour. Res., 35, 233, 10.1029/1998WR900018 Lejeune, 2013, A physically-based model of the year-round surface energy and mass balance of debris-covered glaciers, J. Glaciol., 59, 10.3189/2013JoG12J149 Miles, 2016, Refined energy-balance modelling of a supraglacial pond, Langtang Khola, Nepal, A. Glaciol., 57, 10.3189/2016AoG71A421 Nicholson, 2006, Calculating ice melt beneath a debris layer using meteorological data, J. Glaciol., 52, 463, 10.3189/172756506781828584 Østrem, 1959, Ice melting under a thin layer of moraine, and the existence of ice cores in moraine ridges, Geogr. Ann., 41, 228 Pellicciotti, 2005, An enhanced temperature-index glacier melt model including the shortwave radiation balance: development and testing for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, J. Glaciol., 51, 573, 10.3189/172756505781829124 Pellicciotti, 2008, A study of the energy balance and melt regime on Juncal Norte glacier, semi-arid Andes of Central Chile, using melt models of different complexity, Hydrol. Process., 22, 3980, 10.1002/hyp.7085 Pellicciotti, 2013, Changes in glaciers in the Andes of Chile and priorities of future work, Sci. Total Environ Ragettli, S., Bolch, T., Pellicciotti, F., 2016. Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himalaya. Under revision in The Cryosphere. Ragettli, S., Cortez, G., McPhee, J., Pellicciotti, F., 2013a. An evaluation of approaches for modeling hydrological processes in high-elevation, glacierized Andean watersheds. Hydrol. Process. 10.1002/hyp.10055. Ragettli, 2013, Sources of uncertainty in modeling the glacio-hydrological response of a Karakoram watershed to climate change, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1, 10.1002/wrcr.20450 Ragettli, 2015, Unraveling the hydrology of a Himalayan watershed through systematic integration of high resolution in-situ ground data and remote sensing with an advanced simulation model, Adv. Water Resour., 78, 94, 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.01.013 Reid, 2010, An energy-balance model for debris-covered glaciers including heat conduction through the debris layer, J. Glaciol., 56, 903, 10.3189/002214310794457218 Reid, 2012, Including debris cover effects in a distributed modelof glacier ablation, J. Geophys. Res., 115 Reznichenko, 2010, Effects of debris on ice-surface melting rates: An experimental study, J. Glaciol., 56, 384, 10.3189/002214310792447725 Rounce, 2014, Debris thickness of glaciers in the Everest area (Nepal Himalaya) derived from satellite imagery using a nonlinear energy balance model, Cryosphere, 8, 1317, 10.5194/tc-8-1317-2014 Sakai, 2000, Role of supraglacial ponds in the ablation process of a debris-covered glacier in the Nepal Himalayas Schaefli, B., Gupta, H. V., 2007. Do Nash values have value? Hydrol. Process. 10.1002/hyp.6825. Schauwecker, 2015, Remotely sensed debris thickness mapping of Bara Shigri glacier, Indian Himalaya, J. Glaciol., 61, 675, 10.3189/2015JoG14J102 Zhang, 2011, Distribution of debris thickness and its effect on ice melt at Hailuogou Glacier, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, using in situ surveys and ASTER imagery, J. Glaciol., 57, 1147, 10.3189/002214311798843331