Hiện tượng nhấp nháy chú ý trong điều kiện không có sự chú ý không gian: một chi phí của nhận thức?

Psychological Research - Tập 84 - Trang 1039-1055 - 2018
Eyal Alef Ophir1, Eyal Sherman1, Dominique Lamy1,2
1Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Tóm tắt

Hiện tượng nhấp nháy chú ý ám chỉ đến phát hiện rằng khi hai mục tiêu thị giác xuất hiện trong khoảng từ 200-500 ms, người quan sát thường bỏ lỡ mục tiêu thứ hai. Trong ba thí nghiệm, chúng tôi đã phân tách vai trò của chú ý không gian và báo cáo có ý thức về sự kiện đầu tiên trong việc gây ra chi phí này. Chúng tôi cho thấy rằng việc phân bổ chú ý không gian cho sự kiện đầu tiên là không cần thiết để một nhấp nháy xảy ra: mẫu thời gian đầy đủ của hiện tượng nhấp nháy xuất hiện khi sự kiện đầu tiên được phát hiện một cách có ý thức, mặc dù nó không được chú ý về mặt không gian, trong khi không có chi phí nào được quan sát khi sự kiện đầu tiên bị bỏ lỡ. Chúng tôi sau đó cho thấy rằng sự chú ý không gian cũng không đủ để gây ra một nhấp nháy, mặc dù nó có thể làm sâu sắc thêm nhấp nháy khi đi kèm với phát hiện có ý thức. Những kết quả này cho thấy không có chi phí liên quan đến việc khởi xướng một tập episode chú ý, trong khi việc phát hiện có ý thức rõ ràng là có chi phí. Những phát hiện này chứng minh tính linh hoạt về thời gian của chú ý và nhấn mạnh vai trò tiềm năng của nhận thức chủ quan trong việc hiểu những hạn chế trong xử lý, mặc dù vai trò này có thể phụ thuộc vào việc lưu trữ trong trí nhớ làm việc cần thiết cho báo cáo có ý thức.

Từ khóa

#nhấp nháy chú ý #chú ý không gian #nhận thức #sự kiện thị giác #bộ nhớ làm việc

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