An assessment on the nature of channel migration of River Diana of the sub-Himalayan West Bengal using field and GIS techniques
Tóm tắt
Lateral movement of river channel within its valley with time is a universal phenomenon. Various processes of fluvio-geomorphological environment such as rapid valley fill deposition due to very low channel gradient and resultant migration of active channel, bank failure and bankline migration, frequent occurrence of floods, capturing of lower courses of the tributaries by the trunk streams, and abandonment of tracks and avulsion are the most prominent factors behind channel dynamics in the sub-Himalayan part of West Bengal. Additionally, human interventions in the form of engineering constructions (bridges, flood embankments, etc.), tea plantation, mining and quarrying, and agricultural encroachment have emerged as another dominant issue which is pulverizing the ways of natural channel adjustment as well as also the channel behaviors. Both these processes are carrying significant messages of immense vulnerability for the study area known for its geomorphological instabilities. The dynamics of channel adjustment in terms of lateral migration can be lucidly illustrated through the application of modern tools of geoinformatics, i.e., the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) which is widely capable of detecting as well as representing the changes that took place over space and time. A meticulous endeavor has been made to assess the channel dynamics of the Diana River of this concerned region for an 85-year spanning period to unveil the nature of channel migration in terms of changes in historical bankline and centerline positions and alterations in meander geometries through numeric and graphical methods coupled with field observations to define the overall zone of channel migration for three subsequent reaches of the Diana River.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bolton S, Shellberg J (2001) Aquatic habitat guidelines white paper: ecological issues in floodplains and riparian corridors. Prepared for WA State Dept of Fish and Wildlife and others
Boyd K, Thatcher T, Swindell B (2010) Flathead river channel migration zone mapping. Flathead Lakers, Polson, pp 1–63
Chakraborty S, Datta K (2013) Causes and consequences of channel changes – a spatio-temporal analysis using remote sensing and GIS— Jaldhaka-Diana River System (Lower Course), Jalpaiguri (Duars), West Bengal, India. J Geogr Nat Disasters 3:107. doi:10.4172/2167-0587.1000107
Giardino JR, Lee AA (2011) Rates of channel migration on the Brazos River. Texas Water Development Board, p 1–41
Gogoi C, Goswami DC (2014) A study on channel migration of the Subansiri River in Assam using remote sensing and GIS technology. Curr Sci 106(8):1113–1120
Guneralp I, Rhoads BL (2009) Empirical analysis of the planform curvature-migration relation of meandering rivers. Water Resour Res 45, W09424. doi:10.1029/2008WR007533
Gupta N (2008) Geoinformatics for inter Basin water transfer assessment: a study in parts of Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin, Eastern India. International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Netherlands, pp 36–39
Gurnell AM, Downward SR, Jones R (1994) Channel planform change on the River Dee meanders, 1876–1992. Regul River 9:187–204
Harrison LR, Legleiter CJ, Wydzga MA, Dunne T (2011) Channel dynamics and habitat development in a meandering, gravel bed river. Water Resour Res 47, W04513. doi:10.1029/2009WR00892
Heo J, Duc TA, Cho HS, Choi SU (2009) Characterization and prediction of meandering channel migration in the GIS environment: a case study of the Sabine River in the USA. Environ Monit Assess 152:155–165. doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0304-8
Hickin EJ, Nanson GC (1984) Lateral migration rates of river bends. J Hydraul Eng 110(11):1557–1567
Hickin EJ, Nicoll TJ (2010) Planform geometry and channel migration of confined meandering rivers on the Canadian prairies. Geomorphology 116:37–47. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.10.005
Howard AD, Knutson TR (1984) Sufficient conditions for river meandering: a simulation approach. Water Resour Res 20(11):1659–1667
King County (2004) Channel migration zones. Executive Report- Best Available Science, vol 1. http://www.kingcounty.gov/ddes/cao/pdfs04execprop/bas-chap4-04.pdf. Accessed on 5 Mar 2014
Kotoky P, Bezbaruah D, Baruah J, Sarma JN (2005) Nature of bank erosion along the Brahmaputra river channel, Assam, India. Curr Sci 88(4):634–640
Lawler DM, Couperthwaite J, Bull LJ, Harris NM (1997) Bank erosion events and processes in the upper Severn basin. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 1(3):523–534
Leopold LB (1973) River channel change with time: an example. GSA Bull 84:1845–1860
Micheli ER, Larsen EW (2011) River channel cutoff dynamics, Sacramento River, California, USA. River Res Appl 27:328–344. doi:10.1002/rra.1360
Micheli ER, Kirchner JW, Larsen EW (2004) Quantifying the effect of riparian forest versus agricultural vegetation on river meander migration rates, Central Sacramento River, California, USA. River Res Appl 20:537–548. doi:10.1002/rra.756
Mujabar PS, Chandrasekar N (2013) Shoreline change analysis along the coast between Kanyakumari and Tuticorin of India using remote sensing and GIS. Arab J Geosci 6:647–664. doi:10.1007/s12517-011-0394-4
Nanson GC, Hickin EJ (1986) A statistical analysis of bank erosion and channel migration in Western Canada. GSA Bull 97:497–504
O’Connor JE, Jones MA, Haluska TL (2003) Flood plain and channel dynamics of the Quinault and Queets Rivers, Washington, USA. Geomorphology 51:31–59
Parker G, Shimizu Y, Wilkerson GV, Eke EC, Abad JD, Lauer JW, Paola C, Dietrich WE, Voller VR (2011) A new framework for modeling the migration of meandering rivers. Earth Surf Process Landf 36:70–86. doi:10.1002/esp.2113
Petts G, Foster I (1985) Rivers and landscape. Edward Arnold, London, p 274
Rapp CF, Abbe TB (2003) A framework for delineating channel migration zones. Washington State Department of Ecology and Washington State Department of Transportation. Ecology Final Draft Publication #03-06-027, p 135
Robinson BA (2013) Recent (circa 1998 to 2011) channel-migration rates of selected streams in Indiana. U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigation Report 2013–5168, p 46. http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5168/. Accessed on 7 May 2014
Sarkar S (2008) Flood hazard in the sub-Himalayan North Bengal, India. In: Singh S, Starkel S, Syeimlieh L (eds) Environmental changes and geomorphic hazard. Bookwell, New Delhi, pp 247–262
Sarkar A, Garg RD, Sharma N (2012) RS-GIS based assessment of river dynamics of Brahmaputra River in India. J Water Resour Prot 4:63–72. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2012.42008
Sarma JN, Acharjee S (2012) A GIS based study on bank erosion by the river Brahmaputra around Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India. Earth Syst Dyn Discuss 3:1085–1106. doi:10.5194/esdd-3-1085-2012
Schumm SA (1977) The fluvial system. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 337
Starkel L, Sarkar S, Soja R, Prokop P (2008) Present-day evolution of the Sikkimese-Bhutanese Himalayan Piedmont. Polska Akademia Naukinstytut Geografii I Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania, Prace Geograficzne, Warszawa. NR 219:62–70
Wallick JR, Lancaster ST, Bolte JP (2006) Determination of bank erodibility for natural and anthropogenic bank materials using a model of lateral migration and observed erosion along the Willamette River, Oregon, USA. River Res Appl 22:631–649. doi:10.1002/rra.925
Wallick JR, Grant GE, Lancaster ST, Bolte JP, Denlinger RP (2007) Patterns and controls on historical channel change in the Willamette River, Oregon, USA. In. Gupta A (ed) Large rivers: geomorphology and management. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, p 492–516
Wolfert HP, Mass GJ (2007) Downstream changes of meandering styles in the lower reaches of the River Vecht, the Netherlands. Neth J Geosci 86(3):257–271