An artificial intelligence electrocardiogram analysis for detecting cardiomyopathy in the peripartum period

Main, 2015, Pregnancy-related mortality in California: causes, characteristics, and improvement opportunities, Obstet. Gynecol., 125, 938, 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000746 Pearson, 2000, Peripartum cardiomyopathy: national heart, lung, and blood institute and office of rare diseases (National Institutes of Health) workshop recommendations and review, JAMA, 283, 1183, 10.1001/jama.283.9.1183 Mielniczuk, 2006, Frequency of peripartum cardiomyopathy, Am. J. Cardiol., 97, 1765, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.01.039 Kolte, 2014, Temporal trends in incidence and outcomes of peripartum cardiomyopathy in the United States: a nationwide population-based study, J. Am. Heart Assoc., 3, 10.1161/JAHA.114.001056 Fett, 2005, Five-year prospective study of the incidence and prognosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy at a single institution, Mayo Clin. Proc., 80, 1602, 10.4065/80.12.1602 Lee, 2018, Incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of peripartum cardiomyopathy in South Korea, Circ. Heart Fail., 11, 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004134 Harper, 2012, Peripartum cardiomyopathy: population-based birth prevalence and 7-year mortality, Obstet. Gynecol., 120, 1013, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31826e46a1 Brar, 2007, Incidence, mortality, and racial differences in peripartum cardiomyopathy, Am. J. Cardiol., 100, 302, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.02.092 Amos, 2006, Improved outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy with contemporary, Am. Heart J., 152, 509, 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.008 Bello, 2013, The relationship between pre-eclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 62, 1715, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.717 Safirstein, 2012, Predictors of left ventricular recovery in a cohort of peripartum cardiomyopathy patients recruited via the internet, Int. J. Cardiol., 154, 27, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.08.065 Goland, 2011, Evaluation of the clinical relevance of baseline left ventricular ejection fraction as a predictor of recovery or persistence of severe dysfunction in women in the United States with peripartum cardiomyopathy, J. Card. Fail., 17, 426, 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.01.007 Elkayam, 2005, Pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy: clinical characteristics and a comparison between early and late presentation, Circulation, 111, 2050, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000162478.36652.7E Davis, 2020, Peripartum cardiomyopathy: JACC state-of-the-art review, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 75, 207, 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.014 Goland, 2009, Clinical profile and predictors of complications in peripartum cardiomyopathy, J. Card. Fail., 15, 645, 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.03.008 Fett, 2013, Earlier detection can help avoid many serious complications of peripartum cardiomyopathy, Futur. Cardiol., 9, 809, 10.2217/fca.13.63 Moussa, 2019, ACOG practice bulletin no. 212: pregnancy and heart disease, Obstet. Gynecol., 134, 881, 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003497 Honigberg, 2019, Electrocardiographic findings in peripartum cardiomyopathy, Clin. Cardiol., 42, 524, 10.1002/clc.23171 Adedinsewo, 2021, Detecting cardiomyopathies in pregnancy and the postpartum period with an electrocardiogram-based deep learning model, Eur. Heart J.-Digital Health, 10.1093/ehjdh/ztab078 He, 2016, Deep residual learning for image recognition Yan, 2003, Optimizing classifier performance via an approximation to the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic Selvaraju, 2017, Visual explanations from deep networks via gradient-based localization Cho, 2021, Artificial intelligence algorithm for screening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction using electrocardiography, ASAIO J., 67, 314, 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001218 Attia, 2019, Screening for cardiac contractile dysfunction using an artificial intelligence–enabled electrocardiogram, Nat. Med., 25, 70, 10.1038/s41591-018-0240-2 Sanghavi, 2014, Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy, Circulation, 130, 1003, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029 Oram, 1961, Innocent depression of the S-T segment and flattening of the T-wave during pregnancy, J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Emp., 68, 765, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1961.tb02807.x Carruth, 1981, The electrocardiogram in normal pregnancy, Am. Heart J., 102, 1075, 10.1016/0002-8703(81)90497-X Karaye, 2016, Electrocardiographic predictors of peripartum cardiomyopathy: cardiovascular topics, Cardiovasc J. Afr., 27, 66, 10.5830/CVJA-2015-092