An Exploratory Look at Pediatric Cochlear Implantation: Is Earliest Always Best?

Bollard, 1999, Specific language growth in young children using the CLARION cochlear implant., Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 177, 119, 10.1177/00034894991080S424

Bradley, 2002, Socioeconomic status and child development., Annu Rev Psychol, 53, 371, 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233

Clifton, 1981, Development of perception (pp. 141–160).

Cohen, 1990, Pediatric anesthesia morbidity and mortality in the perioperative period., Anesth Analg, 70, 160, 10.1213/00000539-199002000-00005

Dettman, 2007, Communication development in children who receive the cochlear implant younger than 12 months: risks versus benefits., Ear Hear, 28, 11S, 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31803153f8

Edwards, 1997, The Reynell developmental language scales. III. The University of Reading edition.

Eggermont, 2003, Auditory-evoked potential studies of cortical maturation in normal hearing and implanted children: correlations with changes in structure and speech perception., Acta Otolaryngol, 123, 249, 10.1080/0036554021000028098

Eisenberg, 1982, Initial experience with the cochlear implant in children., Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 91, 67

Fenson, 1993, The MacArthur communicative development inventories.

Fryauf-Bertschy, 1997, Cochlear implant use by prelingually deafened children: the influences of age at implant and length of device use., J Speech Lang Hear Res, 40, 183, 10.1044/jslhr.4001.183

Geers, 2003, Factors associated with development of speech perception skills in children implanted by age five., Ear Hear, 24, 24S, 10.1097/01.AUD.0000051687.99218.0F

Gorga, 1999, Distortion product otoacoustic emission test performance for a priori criteria and for multifrequency audiometric standards., Ear Hear, 20, 345, 10.1097/00003446-199908000-00007

Gorga, 2004, Determining the upper limits of stimulation for auditory steady-state response measurements., Ear Hear, 25, 302, 10.1097/01.AUD.0000130801.96611.6B

Gorga, 1997, From laboratory to clinic: a large scale study of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in ears with normal hearing and ears with hearing loss., Ear Hear, 18, 440, 10.1097/00003446-199712000-00003

Hart, 1995, Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children.

Hoff, 2003, The specificity of environmental influence: socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech., Child Dev, 74, 1368, 10.1111/1467-8624.00612

John, 2004, Recording auditory steady-state responses in young infants., Ear Hear, 25, 539, 10.1097/01.AUD.0000148050.80749.AC

Keenan, 1985, Cardiac arrest due to anesthesia., JAMA, 253, 2373, 10.1001/jama.1985.03350400057021

Keenan, 1991, Frequency of anesthetic cardiac arrests in infants: effect of pediatric anesthesiologists., J Clin Anesth, 3, 433, 10.1016/0952-8180(91)90088-5

Keenan, 1994, Bradycardia during anesthesia in infants: an epidemiologic study., Anesthesiology, 80, 976, 10.1097/00000542-199405000-00005

Kirk, 1997, Audiologic evaluation and management and speech perception assessment (pp. 101–132).

Luts, 2004, Objective assessment of frequency-specific hearing thresholds in babies., Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 68, 915, 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.02.007

Moore, 2001, Cytoarchitectural and axonal maturation in human auditory cortex., J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 2, 297, 10.1007/s101620010052

Moore, 1992, Auditory responsiveness of premature infants utilizing visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)., Ear Hear, 13, 187, 10.1097/00003446-199206000-00008

Moore, 1977, Visual reinforcement of head-turn responses in infants under 12 months of age., J Speech Hear Disord, 42, 328, 10.1044/jshd.4203.328

Morray, 2002, Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children: an update., Anesthesiol Clin North America, 20, 1, 10.1016/S0889-8537(03)00052-X

Morray, 2000, Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children: initial findings of the Pediatric Perioperative Cardiac Arrest (POCA) Registry., Anesthesiology, 93, 6, 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00007

Nikolopoulos, 1999, Age at implantation: its importance in pediatric cochlear implantation., Laryngoscope, 109, 595, 10.1097/00005537-199904000-00014

Norton, 2000, Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: evaluation of transient evoked otoacoustic emission, distortion product otoacoustic emission, and auditory brain stem response test performance., Ear Hear, 21, 508, 10.1097/00003446-200010000-00013

Olsson, 1988, Cardiac arrest during anaesthesia. A computer-aided study in 250,543 anaesthetics., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 32, 653, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1988.tb02804.x

Pisoni, 2003, Measures of working memory span and verbal rehearsal speed in deaf children after cochlear implantation., Ear Hear, 24, 106S, 10.1097/01.AUD.0000051692.05140.8E

Pisoni, 2000, Working memory in deaf children with cochlear implants: correlations between digit span and measures of spoken language processing., Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 185, 92, 10.1177/0003489400109S1240

Ponton, 2001, Of kittens and kids: altered cortical maturation following profound deafness and cochlear implant use., Audiol Neurootol, 6, 363, 10.1159/000046846

Ponton, 1999, Prolonged deafness limits auditory system developmental plasticity: evidence from an evoked potentials study in children with cochlear implants., Scand Audiol, 51, 13

Rackow, 1961, Frequency of cardiac arrest associated with anesthesia in infants and children., Pediatrics, 28, 697, 10.1542/peds.28.5.697

Rance, 1999, Clinical findings for a group of infants and young children with auditory neuropathy., Ear Hear, 20, 238, 10.1097/00003446-199906000-00006

Rance, 2002, Assessment of hearing in infants with moderate to profound impairment: the Melbourne experience with auditory steady-state evoked potential testing., Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 189, 22, 10.1177/00034894021110S505

Rance, 1998, Steady-state evoked potential and behavioral hearing thresholds in a group of children with absent click-evoked auditory brain stem response., Ear Hear, 19, 48, 10.1097/00003446-199802000-00003

Raudenbush, 2004, HLM6: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling.

Robbins, 1994, The Mr. Potato Head Task. Indianapolis.

Robbins, 1996, Speech perception assessment and performance in pediatric cochlear implant users., Semin Hear, 17, 353, 10.1055/s-0028-1083065

Rossetti, 1990, The Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale.

Sanborn, 1996, Detection of intraoperative incidents by electronic scanning of computerized anesthesia records., Anesthesiology, 85, 977, 10.1097/00000542-199611000-00004

Sharma, 2002, Rapid development of cortical auditory evoked potentials after early cochlear implantation., Neuroreport, 13, 1365, 10.1097/00001756-200207190-00030

Staller, 1991, Practical aspects of audiology: cochlear implants: a practical guide.

Stallings, 2000, Assessing the language abilities of pediatric cochlear implant users across a broad range of ages and performance abilities., Volta Rev, 102, 215

Svirsky, 2000, Language development in children with profound and prelingual hearing loss, without cochlear implants., Ann Otol, Rhinol Laryngol, 185, 99, 10.1177/0003489400109S1243

Svirsky, 2000, Language development in profoundly deaf children with cochlear implants., Psychol Sci, 11, 153, 10.1111/1467-9280.00231

Svirsky, 2004, Development of language and speech perception in congenitally, profoundly deaf children as a function of age at cochlear implantation., Audiol Neurootol, 9, 224, 10.1159/000078392

Tay, 2001, Critical incidents in paediatric anaesthesia: an audit of 10,000 anaesthetics in Singapore., Paediatr Anaesth, 11, 711, 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00767.x

Tiret, 1988, Complications related to anaesthesia in infants and children: a prospective survey of 40,240 anaesthetics., Br J Anaesth, 61, 263, 10.1093/bja/61.3.263

Tyler, 1997, Speech perception by prelingually deaf children using cochlear implants., Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 117, 180, 10.1016/S0194-5998(97)70172-4

Waltzman, 2005, Cochlear implantation in children younger than 12 months., Pediatrics, 116, e487, 10.1542/peds.2005-0282

Widen, 1990, Behavioral screening of high-risk infants using visual reinforcement audiometry., Semin Hear, 11, 342, 10.1055/s-0028-1085514

Widen, 2000, Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: hearing status at 8 to 12 months corrected age using a visual reinforcement audiometry protocol., Ear Hear, 21, 471, 10.1097/00003446-200010000-00011

Zimmerman-Phillips, 1997, Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) for Infants and Toddlers.