Alterations of vasomotor regulation in atherosclerosis
Tóm tắt
The vascular endothelium modulates vasomotor tone by the release of several vasoactive substances, predominantly nitric oxide or a closely related compound. This role of the endothelium is altered by several common disease states, as extensively studied in both animal models and humans with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Although several mechanisms may underlie this pathophysiologic phenomenon, increased destruction of the endothelium-derived nitric oxide seems very important in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Hypercholesterolemia also alters endothelial regulation of vasomotor tone in the microcirculation, which may in turn affect neurohumoral regulation of tissue perfusion. While endothelial release of nitric oxide is important in modulating vasomotor tone, it also likely decreases platelet adhesion, vascular smooth muscle growth, and adhesion of inflammatory cells to the vessel wall. Thus, impaired production and release of nitric oxide in hypercholesterolemia may contribute to the atherosclerotic process.
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