Alopecia areata update

Sharma, 1996, Profile of alopecia areata in Northern India, Int J Dermatol, 35, 22, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb01610.x

Tan, 2002, The pattern and profile of alopecia areata in Singapore—a study of 219 Asians, Int J Dermatol, 41, 748, 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01357.x

Safavi, 1992, Prevalence of alopecia areata in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Arch Dermatol, 128, 702, 10.1001/archderm.128.8.1130

Safavi, 1995, Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989, Mayo Clin Proc, 70, 628, 10.4065/70.7.628

Wasserman, 2007, Alopecia areata, Int J Dermatol, 46, 121, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03193.x

Kyriakis, 2009, Alopecia areata prevalence by gender and age, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 23, 572, 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02956.x

Kavak, 2008, Alopecia areata in Turkey: demographic and clinical features, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 22, 977, 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02699.x

Nanda, 2002, Alopecia areata in children: a clinical profile, Pediatr Dermatol, 19, 482, 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2002.00215.x

Price, 1991, Alopecia areata: clinical aspects, J Invest Dermatol, 96, 68S, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12471869

de Berker, 2004, Disorders of hair, Vol. 4

Madani, 2000, Alopecia areata update, J Am Acad Dermatol, 42, 549, 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90164-6

Shapiro, 1999, Alopecia areata: diagnosis and management, Int J Dermatol, 38, 19, 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00004.x

Price, 2003, Therapy of alopecia areata: on the cusp and in the future, J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc, 8, 207, 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.00811.x

Sato-Kawamura, 2002, Acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp. A new subtype of diffuse alopecia areata that has a favorable prognosis, Dermatology, 205, 367, 10.1159/000066435

Lew, 2009, Acute diffuse and total alopecia: a new subtype of alopecia areata with a favorable prognosis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 60, 85, 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.08.045

Tosti, 2008, The role of scalp dermoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia areata incognita, J Am Acad Dermatol, 59, 64, 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.031

Ross, 2006, Videodermoscopy in the evaluation of hair and scalp disorders, J Am Acad Dermatol, 55, 799, 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.04.058

Rakowska, 2009, Alopecia areata incognita: true or false?, J Am Acad Dermatol, 60, 162, 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.062

Tobin, 1990, Ultrastructural study of exclamation-mark hair shafts in alopecia areata, J Cutan Pathol, 17, 348, 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1990.tb00111.x

Zlotogorski, 2002, Clinical and molecular diagnostic criteria of congenital atrichia with papular lesions, J Invest Dermatol, 118, 887, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01767.x

Tosti, 2006, Alopecia areata: a long term follow-up study of 191 patients, J Am Acad Dermatol, 55, 438, 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.008

Walker, 1950, A statistical study and consideration of endocrine influences, J Invest Dermatol, 14, 403, 10.1038/jid.1950.52

Gandhi, 2003, Nail changes in alopecia areata: incidence and pattern, Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 69, 114

Kasumagic-Halilovic, 2009, Nail changes in alopecia areata: frequency and clinical presentation, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 23, 240, 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02830.x

Seyrafi, 2005, Evaluation of the profile of alopecia areata and the prevalence of thyroid function test abnormalities and serum autoantibodies in Iranian patients, BMC Dermatol, 5, 11, 10.1186/1471-5945-5-11

Kasumagic-Halilovic, 2008, Thyroid autoimmunity in patients with alopecia areata, Acta Dermatovenerol Croat, 16, 123

Hordinsky, 2004, Autoimmunity: alopecia areata, J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc, 9, 73, 10.1111/j.1087-0024.2004.00835.x

Goh, 2006, Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 20, 1055, 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01676.x

Wang, 1994, Increased risk for type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in relatives of patients with alopecia areata (AA), Am J Med Genet, 51, 234, 10.1002/ajmg.1320510313

Ruiz-Doblado, 2003, Alopecia areata: psychiatric comorbidity and adjustment to illness, Int J Dermatol, 42, 434, 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01340.x

Recupero, 1999, Ocular alterations in alopecia areata, Eye, 13, 643, 10.1038/eye.1999.174

MacDonald Hull, 2003, British Association of Dermatologists. Guidelines for the management of alopecia areata, Br J Dermatol, 149, 692, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05535.x

Messenger, 1986, Alopecia areata: alterations in the hair growth cycle and correlation with the follicular pathology, Br J Dermatol, 114, 337, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02825.x

Weedon, 2002, Diseases of cutaneous appendages

Elston, 1997, Eosinophils in fibrous tracts and near hair bulbs: a helpful diagnostic feature of alopecia areata, J Am Acad Dermatol, 37, 101, 10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70219-6

El Darouti, 2000, Eosinophils in fibrous tracts and near hair bulbs: a helpful diagnostic feature of alopecia areata, J Am Acad Dermatol, 42, 305, 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90152-X

Todes-Taylor, 1984, T cell subpopulations in alopecia areata, J Am Acad Dermatol, 11, 216, 10.1016/S0190-9622(84)70152-6

Whiting, 2003, Histopathologic features of alopecia areata: a new look, Arch Dermatol, 139, 1555, 10.1001/archderm.139.12.1555

Tobin, 1997, Morphological analysis of hair follicles in alopecia areata, Microsc Res Tech, 38, 443, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970815)38:4<443::AID-JEMT12>3.0.CO;2-J

Sperling, 2003, Alopecia areata, 109

Tobin, 1991, Cell degeneration in alopecia areata. An ultrastructural study, Am J Dermatopathol, 13, 248, 10.1097/00000372-199106000-00006

Whiting, 1995, Histopathology of alopecia areata in horizontal sections of scalp biopsies, J Invest Dermatol, 104

Vogt, 2008, Biology of the hair follicle, 1

McElwee, 2008, Hair physiology and its disorders, Drug Discovery Today: Disease Mechanisms, 5, e163, 10.1016/j.ddmec.2008.04.001

Freyschmidt-Paul, 2008, Alopecia areata, 311

King, 2008, Alopecia areata, Curr Dir Autoimmun, 10, 280, 10.1159/000131749

Lu, 2006, Alopecia areata: pathogenesis and potential for therapy, Expert Rev Mol Med, 8, 1, 10.1017/S146239940601101X

McDonagh, 2002, Epidemiology and genetics of alopecia areata, Clin Exp Dermatol, 27, 405, 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01077.x

Paus, 1993, Is alopecia areata an autoimmune-response against melanogenesis-related proteins, exposed by abnormal MHC class I expression in the anagen hair bulb?, Yale J Biol Med, 66, 541

McElwee, 1999, Alopecia areata: an autoimmune disease?, Exp Dermatol, 8, 371, 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00385.x

Sundberg, 2003, Alopecia areata: spontaneous and skin graft-induced mouse models, Vol V, 429

McElwee, 2003, Alopecia areata: spontaneous rat model of alopecia areata, Vol V, 451

Sundberg, 1994, Alopecia areata in aging C3H/HeJ mice, J Invest Dermatol, 102, 847, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12382416

Zhang, 1994, Immunohistological study of the development of the cellular infiltrate in the pelage follicles of the DEBR model for alopecia areata, Br J Dermatol, 130, 405, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb03371.x

McElwee, 1998, Experimental induction of alopecia areata-like hair loss in C3H/HeJ mice using full-thickness skin grafts, J Invest Dermatol, 111, 797, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00380.x

McElwee, 2003, Alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice involves leukocyte-mediated root sheath disruption in advance of overt hair loss, Vet Pathol, 40, 643, 10.1354/vp.40-6-643

Carroll, 2002, Gene array profiling and immunomodulation studies define a cell-mediated immune response underlying the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in a mouse model and humans, J Invest Dermatol, 119, 392, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01811.x

Freyschmidt-Paul, 2000, Treatment with an anti-CD44v10-specific antibody inhibits the onset of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice, J Invest Dermatol, 115, 653, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00113.x

McElwee, 1999, Partial restoration of hair growth in the DEBR model for alopecia areata after in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells, Br J Dermatol, 140, 432, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02705.x

McElwee, 1996, In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells restores hair growth in the DEBR model for alopecia areata, Br J Dermatol, 135, 211, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01149.x

McElwee, 2005, Transfer of CD8(+) cells induces localized hair loss whereas CD4(+)/CD25(-) cells promote systemic alopecia areata and CD4(+)/CD25(+) cells blockade disease onset in the C3H/HeJ mouse model, J Invest Dermatol, 124, 947, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23692.x

Gilhar, 2002, Mediation of alopecia areata by cooperation between CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes: transfer to human scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice, Arch Dermatol, 138, 916, 10.1001/archderm.138.7.916

Sun, 2008, The C3H/HeJ mouse and DEBR rat models for alopecia areata: review of preclinical drug screening approaches and results, Exp Dermatol, 17, 793, 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00773.x

Zoller, 2007, Anti-CD44-mediated blockade of leukocyte migration in skin-associated immune diseases, J Leukoc Biol, 82, 57, 10.1189/jlb.0107063

Marhaba, 2007, The importance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the regulation of autoimmune effector cells by a chronic contact eczema, J Immunol, 179, 5071, 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5071

Stankler, 1979, Synchronous alopecia areata in two siblings: a possible viral aetiology, Lancet, 1, 1303, 10.1016/S0140-6736(79)92271-2

Alsaleh, 1995, Concurrent appearance of alopecia areata in siblings, Pediatr Dermatol, 12, 285, 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1995.tb00180.x

McElwee, 2001, Genetic susceptibility and severity of alopecia areata in human and animal models, Eur J Dermatol, 11, 11

Akar, 2002, Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the scalp of patients with alopecia areata, J Dermatol Sci, 29, 85, 10.1016/S0923-1811(02)00015-4

Sundberg, 2004, Adult-onset alopecia areata is a complex polygenic trait in the C3H/HeJ mouse model, J Invest Dermatol, 123, 294, 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23222.x

Martinez-Mir, 2007, Genomewide scan for linkage reveals evidence of several susceptibility loci for alopecia areata, Am J Hum Genet, 80, 316, 10.1086/511442

Duvic, 2003, Alopecia areata registry: an overview, J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc, 8, 219, 10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.00814.x

Rodriguez, 2008, Onset of alopecia areata after Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 59, 137, 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.02.005

Ikeda, 1967, Produced alopecia areata based on the focal infection theory and mental motive theory, Dermatologica, 134, 1, 10.1159/000254233

Brauner, 1988, Dermatologic care behind bars, J Am Acad Dermatol, 18, 1066, 10.1016/S0190-9622(88)70107-3

Gupta, 1997, Stress and alopecia areata: a psychodermatologic study, Acta Derm Venereol, 77, 296, 10.2340/0001555577296298

Perini, 1984, Life events and alopecia areata, Psychother Psychosom, 41, 48, 10.1159/000287786

Brajac, 2003, Roles of stress, stress perception and trait-anxiety in the onset and course of alopecia areata, J Dermatol, 30, 871, 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00341.x

Gulec, 2004, The role of psychological factors in alopecia areata and the impact of the disease on the quality of life, Int J Dermatol, 43, 352, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02028.x

Picardi, 2003, Psychosomatic factors in first-onset alopecia areata, Psychosomatics, 44, 374, 10.1176/appi.psy.44.5.374

Kakourou, 2007, A case series of alopecia areata in children: impact of personal and family history of stress and autoimmunity, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 21, 356, 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01931.x

Liakopoulou, 1997, Children with alopecia areata: psychiatric symptomatology and life events, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 36, 678, 10.1097/00004583-199705000-00019

Siebenhaar, 2007, Substance P as an immunomodulatory neuropeptide in a mouse model for autoimmune hair loss (alopecia areata), J Invest Dermatol, 127, 1489, 10.1038/sj.jid.5700704

Toyoda, 2001, Expression of neuropeptide-degrading enzymes in alopecia areata: an immunohistochemical study, Br J Dermatol, 144, 46, 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03951.x

Zhang, 2009, Development of alopecia areata is associated with higher central and peripheral hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal tone in the skin graft induced C3H/HeJ mouse model, J Invest Dermatol, 129, 1527, 10.1038/jid.2008.371

Theofilopoulos, 1995, The basis of autoimmunity: part II. Genetic predisposition, Immunol Today, 16, 150, 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80133-2

Theofilopoulos, 1995, The basis of autoimmunity: part I. Mechanisms of aberrant self-recognition, Immunol Today, 16, 90, 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80095-6

Goodnow, 2005, Fazekas de St Groth B, Vinuesa CG. Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity, Nature, 435, 590, 10.1038/nature03724

Goodnow, 2007, Multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, Cell, 130, 25, 10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.033

Paus, 2005, A “hairy” privilege, Trends Immunol, 26, 32, 10.1016/j.it.2004.09.014

Ito, 2008, Immune privilege and the skin, Curr Dir Autoimmun, 10, 27, 10.1159/000131412

Ito, 2004, Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: exploiting the human hair follicle as a model, Am J Pathol, 164, 623, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63151-3

Botchkareva, 2006, Apoptosis in the hair follicle, J Invest Dermatol, 126, 258, 10.1038/sj.jid.5700007

Weedon, 1981, Apoptosis as the mechanism of the involution of hair follicles in catagen transformation, Acta Derm Venereol, 61, 335, 10.2340/0001555561335339

Lindner, 1997, Analysis of apoptosis during hair follicle regression (catagen), Am J Pathol, 151, 1601

Eichmuller, 1998, Clusters of perifollicular macrophages in normal murine skin: physiological degeneration of selected hair follicles by programmed organ deletion, J Histochem Cytochem, 46, 361, 10.1177/002215549804600310

Parakkal, 1969, Role of macrophages in collagen resorption during hair growth cycle, J Ultrastruct Res, 29, 210, 10.1016/S0022-5320(69)90101-4

McElwee, 1996, The DEBR rat, alopecia areata and autoantibodies to the hair follicle, Br J Dermatol, 134, 55, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07840.x

Tobin, 1997, Autoantibodies to hair follicles in C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia areata-like hair loss, J Invest Dermatol, 109, 329, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12335848

Tobin, 1994, Antibodies to hair follicles in alopecia areata, J Invest Dermatol, 102, 721, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12375477

Ueno, 2007, Dendritic cell subsets in health and disease, Immunol Rev, 219, 118, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00551.x

Albert, 1998, Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs, Nature, 392, 86, 10.1038/32183

Mehling, 2003, Dendritic cells under investigation in autoimmune disease, Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 38, 1, 10.1080/713609208

Zoller, 2002, Transient CD44 variant isoform expression and reduction in CD4(+)/CD25(+) regulatory T cells in C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia areata, J Invest Dermatol, 118, 983, 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01745.x