Allocation of Disputable Zones in the Arctic Region
Tóm tắt
As a result of the climate change the situation in Arctic area leads to several important consequences. On the one hand, fossil fuels can be exploited much easier than before. On the other hand, their excavation leads to serious potential threats to fishing by changing natural habitats which in turn creates serious damage to the countries’ economies. Another set of problems arises due to the extension of navigable season for shipping routes. Thus, there are already discussions on how should resources be allocated among countries. In Aleskerov and Victorova (An analysis of potential conflict zones in the Arctic Region, HSE Publishing House, Moscow, 2015) a model was presented analyzing preferences of the countries interested in natural resources and revealing potential conflicts among them. We present several areas allocation models based on different preferences over resources among interested countries. As a result, we constructed several allocations where areas are assigned to countries with respect to the distance or the total interest, or according to the procedure which is counterpart of the Adjusted Winner procedure. We consider this work as an attempt to help decision-making authorities in their complex work on adjusting preferences and conducting negotiations in the Arctic zone. We would like to emphasize that these models can be easily extended to larger number of parameters, to the case when some areas for some reasons should be excluded from consideration, to the case with ‘weighted’ preferences with respect to some parameters. And we strongly believe that such models and evaluations based on them can be helpful for the process of corresponding decision making.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aizerman M, Aleskerov F (1995) Theory of choice. Elsevier, North-Holland
Aleskerov F (1985) Procedures of multicriterial choice. In: Preprints of the IFAC/IFORS conference on control science and technology for development, Beijing, China, p 858–869
Aleskerov F, Shvydun S (2017) Allocation of disputable zones in the Arctic region. International Laboratory of Decision Choice and Analysis. https://www.hse.ru/en/DeCAn/DisputableZonesArctic. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Aleskerov FT, Subochev A (2013) Modeling optimal social choice: matrix-vector representation of various solution concepts based on majority rule. J Glob Optim 56(2):737–756
Aleskerov F, Victorova E (2015) An analysis of potential conflict zones in the Arctic Region. Working paper WP7/2015/05. Moscow: HSE Publishing House, 20 p
Arctic Council (2017) The Arctic Council: A backgrounder. http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/about-us. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Arctic Council, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (2001) Arctic Flora and Fauna: Status and Conservation. Documentation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Working Group (CAFF)
Bird KJ, Charpentier RR, Gautier DL, Houseknecht DW, Klett TR, Pitman JK, Moore TE, Schenk CJ, Tennyson ME, Wandrey CJ (2008) Circum-Arctic resource appraisal; estimates of undiscovered oil and gas north of the Arctic Circle: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3049, 4 p
Brams SJ, Taylor AD (1996) Fair division. From cake-cutting to dispute resolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Brams SJ, Kilgour DM, Klamler C (2017) Maximin envy-free division of indivisible items. Group Decis Negot 26:115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9502-x
Demin SS, Shvydun SV (2017) Example of rational solution in the Barents Sea. In: 2017 IEEE 11th international conference on application of information and communication technologies, vol 2. Institute of Electrical and Electoronics Engineers, pp 251–255
Gautier DL, Bird KJ, Charpentier RR, Grantz A, Houseknecht DW, Klett TR, Moore TE, Pitman JK, Schenk CJ, Schuenemeyer JH, Sørensen K, Tennyson ME, Valin ZC, Wandrey CJ (2009) Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas in the Arctic. Science 324:1175–1179
Government of Norway (2010) Treaty on maritime delimitation and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean signed today. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/treaty/id614254/. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Humpert M (2012) Arctic Ocean exclusive economic zone. The Arctic Institute. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/eez-arctic-high-res/. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Hund AJ (2014) Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: a geographic encyclopedia of the Earth’s Polar Regions. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara
IBRU: Centre for Borders Research - Durham University (2015) Maritime jurisdiction and boundaries in the Arctic region. http://www.durham.ac.uk/ibru/resources/arctic. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Koivurova T, Hossain K (2008) Offshore hydrocarbon. Arctic TRANSFORM. http://arctic-transform.org/download/OffHydBP.pdf. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Kuhn HW (1955) The Hungarian method for the assignment problem. Naval Res Log Q 2:83–97
Sevunts L (2016) Canada to submit its Arctic continental shelf claim in 2018. Radio Canada International. http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/05/03/canada-to-submit-its-arctic-continental-shelf-claim-in-2018/. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
Shvydun S (2015) Normative properties of multi-criteria choice procedures and their superpositions: II. Working paper WP7/2015/07 (Part 2). HSE Publishing House, Moscow
Shvydun S, Aleskerov F (2017) A mathematical approach to conflict resolution in the Arctic Region. In: 2017 3rd IEEE international conference on cybernetics (CYBCONF), Exeter, 2017, pp 1–6
The CHNL Information Office (2016). NSR—transit statistics. http://www.arctic-lio.com/nsr_transits. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
The European Science Foundation (ESF) (2014) Natural resources in Polar Oceans. http://archives.esf.org/fileadmin/Public_documents/Publications/03_Natural_Resources.pdf. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
UN General Assembly, Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 10 December 1982. http://www.refworld.org/docid/3dd8fd1b4.html. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
United Nations (2009) Continental shelf—submission to the Commission by Norway. http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_nor.htm. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
United Nations (2014) Continental shelf—submission to the Commission by the Kingdom of Denmark. http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/submission_dnk_76_2014.htm. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
United Nations (2017) Submissions, through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, pursuant to article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/commission_submissions.htm. Accessed 6 Nov 2017
World Ocean Review (2016) Key shipping terms in brief. http://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-1/transport/global-shipping/key-shipping-terms-in-brief/. Accessed 6 Nov 2017