Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Cáo buộc hành vi xâm hại tình dục: Một cái nhìn từ góc độ niềm tin về khoảng cách quyền lực
Tóm tắt
Chúng tôi tìm hiểu cách mà những người quan sát bên thứ ba phản ứng trước những cáo buộc về các hành vi xâm hại tình dục, liệu phản ứng của họ có khác nhau hay không, và nếu có thì tại sao, họ xác định hình phạt cho người phạm tội như thế nào, ai sẽ khoan dung hơn với họ, và cơ chế tâm lý nào nằm ở dưới sự lựa chọn này. Chúng tôi dựa trên một khía cạnh trong lý thuyết định hướng văn hóa của Hofstede (Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991)—niềm tin về khoảng cách quyền lực, và một khía cạnh trong công trình về lý trí đạo đức của Haidt (Psychological Review, 108: 814–834, 2001)—tách biệt đạo đức. Kết quả từ ba nghiên cứu về các trường hợp thực tế gần đây—đó là các trường hợp liên quan đến Harvey Weinstein, Brett Kavanaugh, và Peter Martins—cho thấy những phát hiện thú vị, nhất quán và sắc nét liên quan đến các câu hỏi nghiên cứu này. Cụ thể, so với những người quan sát ủng hộ niềm tin về khoảng cách quyền lực thấp (PDB), những người quan sát có PDB cao chọn cách đình chỉ một cách có chọn lọc các phán xét về sự có tội và thể hiện đánh giá cao hơn đối với những người bị cáo buộc, họ khoan dung hơn với họ, thể hiện một sự không thích ứng thấp hơn với tên tuổi và bêu xấu họ, và coi những hành vi bị cáo buộc là ít nghiêm trọng hơn. Những kết quả này dựa trên cơ chế tâm lý của việc tách biệt đạo đức. Cả hai người trả lời có PDB cao và thấp đều tách biệt năng lực và đạo đức của người phạm tội. Tuy nhiên, những người quan sát có PDB cao đánh giá hành động của người phạm tội bằng cách nhấn mạnh năng lực, trong khi những người quan sát có PDB thấp đánh giá hành động của họ bằng cách nhấn mạnh đạo đức.
Từ khóa
#hành vi xâm hại tình dục #niềm tin khoảng cách quyền lực #sự tách biệt đạo đức #phản ứng xã hội #tâm lý họcTài liệu tham khảo
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