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Các loài vẹt ngoại lai như một mối đe dọa tiềm ẩn đến loài dơi thường Nyctalus noctula
Tóm tắt
Vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn Psittacula krameri (Aves: Psittaciformes) là một loài phân bố rộng rãi có nguồn gốc từ châu Á và châu Phi, hiện có hơn 40 quần thể ngoại lai trên toàn thế giới. Hầu hết các quần thể đã được thiết lập của loài này đang cho thấy xu hướng mở rộng lãnh thổ rõ rệt và tăng trưởng về số lượng. Các bài đánh giá gần đây đã nhấn mạnh rằng một trong những tác động chính của vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn ngoại lai là sự cạnh tranh với các loài dơi đang bị đe dọa sử dụng các khoang thân cây làm nơi trú ngụ. Tại Ý, quần thể sinh sản duy nhất được biết đến của loài dơi Nyctalus (Mammalia: Chiroptera) xuất hiện ở một khu vực đô thị ở phía trung của đất nước, xung quanh là các quần thể vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn đang gia tăng và mở rộng. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã cập nhật tình trạng quần thể của cả vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn và vẹt Alexandrine cũng như dơi noctule sinh sản trong khu vực. Sau đó, chúng tôi đã chạy một mô hình phân bố loài sử dụng phần mềm Maxent để phân tích độ phù hợp môi trường của khu vực đối với vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn và một mô hình kết nối sử dụng phần mềm Circuitscape để dự đoán khả năng mở rộng của nó trong khu vực có sự hiện diện của dơi noctule sinh sản. Chúng tôi ghi nhận một số lượng cá thể vẹt cao và nhiều колони sinh sản, cùng với sự suy giảm rõ rệt của quần thể dơi noctule, từ khoảng 400 còn khoảng 120 cá thể, trong 20 năm qua, có thể do các biện pháp quản lý không gian xanh đô thị. Mặc dù một vài vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn đã được quan sát thấy trong khu vực nghiên cứu, nhưng không có bằng chứng nào về sự sinh sản trong khu vực xung quanh колони của dơi noctule. Tuy nhiên, mô hình của chúng tôi cho thấy độ phù hợp môi trường cao cho vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn trong khu vực mà dơi noctule sinh sản chiếm giữ. Mô hình kết nối cũng cho thấy tiềm năng cho một dòng chảy cá thể trực tiếp từ các trung tâm đô thị chính đến khu vực sử dụng bởi dơi noctule. Việc vẹt ngoại lai đến khu vực có колони nuôi dơi nên được theo dõi chặt chẽ thông qua việc khảo sát các khu vực phù hợp cho loài này cũng như các hành lang sinh thái đã được xác định. Việc phát hiện sớm các cuộc xâm lấn mới, cùng với thực hành quản lý không gian xanh đô thị bền vững, có thể ngăn ngừa sự tuyệt chủng của колони sinh sản phía nam nhất của dơi noctule thường.
Từ khóa
#vẹt cổ đeo nhẫn #dơi noctule #cạnh tranh sinh thái #quản lý không gian xanh #xâm lấn sinh tháiTài liệu tham khảo
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